Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Currently at The Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Institute on Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, 683 Shore Road, Severna, Park MD 21146, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2020 Oct 12;44(7):651-660. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkaa046.
Total urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) concentrations are generally reported following cannabis administration. Few data are available for glucuronide and minor cannabinoid metabolite concentrations. All urine specimens from 11 frequent and 9 occasional cannabis users were analyzed for 11 cannabinoids for ~85 h by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry following controlled smoked, vaporized or oral 50.6 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject dosing design. No cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), THC, 11-OH-THC and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid were detected in urine. Median THCCOOH-glucuronide maximum concentrations (Cmax) following smoked, vaporized and oral routes were 68.0, 26.7 and 360 μg/L for occasional and 378, 248 and 485 μg/L for frequent users, respectively. Median time to specific gravity-normalized Cmax (Tmax) was 5.1-7.9 h for all routes and all users. Median Cmax for THCCOOH, THC-glucuronide and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THCV (THCVCOOH) were <7.5% of THCCOOH-glucuronide Cmax concentrations. Only THC-glucuronide mean Tmax differed between routes and groups, and was often present only in occasional users' first urine void. Multiple THCCOOH-glucuronide and THCCOOH peaks were observed. We also evaluated these urinary data with published models for determining recency of cannabis use. These urinary cannabinoid marker concentrations from occasional and frequent cannabis users following three routes of administration provide a scientific database to assess single urine concentrations in cannabis monitoring programs. New target analytes (CBD, CBN, CBG, THCV and phase II metabolites) were not found in urine. The results are important to officials in drug treatment, workplace and criminal justice drug monitoring programs, as well as policy makers with responsibility for cannabis regulations.
尿液中 11-去甲-9-羧基-四氢大麻酚（THCCOOH）的总浓度通常在大麻使用后报告。关于葡萄糖醛酸和次要大麻代谢物浓度的数据很少。在一项随机、安慰剂对照、个体内剂量设计中，11 名经常和 9 名偶尔使用大麻的受试者分别通过受控吸烟、蒸气或口服 50.6mg Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）后，使用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了大约 85 小时的 11 种大麻素的尿液样本。尿液中未检测到大麻二酚、大麻酚、大麻萜酚、四氢大麻素（THCV）、THC、11-羟基-THC 和 Δ9-四氢大麻酸。偶尔使用者和经常使用者经吸烟、蒸气和口服途径后，THCCOOH-葡萄糖醛酸的最大浓度（Cmax）中位数分别为 68.0、26.7 和 360μg/L 和 378、248 和 485μg/L。所有途径和所有使用者的特异性比重归一化 Cmax （Tmax）中位数为 5.1-7.9 小时。THCCOOH、THC-葡萄糖醛酸和 11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ9-THCV（THCVCOOH）的 Cmax 中位数均<THCCOOH-葡萄糖醛酸 Cmax 浓度的 7.5%。只有 THC-葡萄糖醛酸的 Tmax 中位数在途径和组间存在差异，且仅在偶尔使用者的第一次晨尿中存在。观察到多个 THCCOOH-葡萄糖醛酸和 THCCOOH 峰。我们还使用公布的模型评估了这些尿液数据，以确定大麻使用的近期情况。这三种给药途径下偶尔和经常使用大麻的受试者的尿液大麻素标志物浓度提供了一个科学数据库，可用于评估大麻监测计划中的单一尿液浓度。尿液中未发现新的目标分析物（CBD、CBN、CBG、THCV 和 II 期代谢物）。这些结果对药物治疗、工作场所和刑事司法药物监测计划的官员以及负责大麻法规的决策者非常重要。
