Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 2;17(9):3162. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093162.
The occurrence of chronic diseases in youth has become a serious global issue requiring early prevention. Due to the specific environment in large cities, urban youth are especially exposed to risky lifestyle patterns.
This survey aimed to determine the prevalence of key modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in the adolescent population of the Croatian capital Zagreb.
A clustered two-stage random sample design was employed to select a representative group of 903 adolescents (girls = 444; boys = 459; age 15.6 ± 0.4) starting their secondary education. Participants were invited to fulfil an electronic questionnaire meant to collect data on daily physical activity, screen time and tobacco use. In addition, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken by medically trained personnel. Data that were not originally categorical were dichotomized based on internationally accepted cut-off values for each risk factor, summarized for females and males, and presented as percentages and 95% confidence intervals.
The outcomes suggest that more than one half did not meet the recommended daily physical activity (girls 59.4%; boys 45.5%), a vast majority exceeded 2 h of screen time per day (girls 87.9%; boys 91.6%), and one quarter had high blood pressure (girls 21.6%; boys 27.0%). Moreover, the results indicated nearly one fifth of adolescents had excess weight (girls 16.1%; boys 22.2%) and a similar proportion smoked tobacco (girls 20.8%; boys 17.0%).
Local and regional health stakeholders should make additional efforts to promote healthy lifestyles in urban teenagers. Special emphasis should be placed on promoting physical activity.
慢性病在青年中的发生已成为一个严重的全球性问题，需要早期预防。由于大城市的特殊环境，城市青年尤其容易接触到危险的生活方式。
本调查旨在确定克罗地亚首都萨格勒布青少年人群中心血管危险因素的主要可改变因素的流行率。
采用聚类两阶段随机抽样设计，选择了 903 名（女生 444 名，男生 459 名，年龄 15.6 ± 0.4）开始接受中等教育的青少年代表性群体。邀请参与者填写一份电子问卷，旨在收集有关日常体育活动、屏幕时间和烟草使用的数据。此外，由经过医学培训的人员进行人体测量和血压测量。根据每个风险因素的国际公认临界值，将原本非分类的数据转换为二分类数据，汇总为女性和男性，以百分比和 95%置信区间表示。
结果表明，超过一半的人没有达到推荐的每日体育活动量（女生 59.4%；男生 45.5%），绝大多数人每天超过 2 小时的屏幕时间（女生 87.9%；男生 91.6%），四分之一的人有高血压（女生 21.6%；男生 27.0%）。此外，结果表明，近五分之一的青少年超重（女生 16.1%；男生 22.2%），同样比例的青少年吸烟（女生 20.8%；男生 17.0%）。
地方和区域卫生利益相关者应加大努力，促进城市青少年的健康生活方式。应特别强调促进体育活动。
