Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Bioresour Technol. 2020 Aug;310:123457. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123457. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the growing demand for alternative energy sources are the main drivers of biomass and carbonaceous waste utilization. Particularly, non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is the most attractive renewable feedstock due to its abundance. Pyrolysis of biomass produces highly oxygenated compounds with oxygen content >35 wt%. The cost-effective elimination of oxygen from the pyrolysis oil is the most challenging task impeding the commercialization of biomass to biofuel processes. The effective hydrogen/carbon ratio in biomass pyrolysis oil is low (0.3), requiring external hydrogen supply to produce hydrocarbon-rich oils. Exploiting hydrogen-rich feedstock particularly, solid waste (plastic, tyre and scum) and other low-cost feedstock (lubricant oil, methane, methanol, and ethanol) offer an eco-friendly solution to upgrade the produced bio-oil. Multi-functional catalysts that are capable of cleaving oxygen, promoting hydrogen transfer and depolymerisation must be developed to produce hydrocarbon-rich oil from biomass. This review compares catalytic co-pyrolysis studies based on zeolites, mesoporous silica and metal oxides. Furthermore, a wide range of catalyst modifications and the role of each feedstock were summarised to give a complete picture of the progress made on biomass co-pyrolysis research and development.
化石燃料储量的枯竭和对替代能源的需求增长是生物质和含碳废物利用的主要驱动因素。特别是，由于其丰富性，不可食用的木质纤维素生物质是最具吸引力的可再生原料。生物质热解会产生高度含氧的化合物，其氧含量>35wt%。从热解油中去除氧的经济有效方法是阻碍生物质向生物燃料工艺商业化的最具挑战性的任务。生物质热解油中的有效氢/碳比低（0.3），需要外部供氢才能生产富含碳氢化合物的油。利用富含氢的原料，特别是固体废物（塑料、轮胎和浮渣）和其他低成本原料（润滑油、甲烷、甲醇和乙醇），为升级生产的生物油提供了一种环保的解决方案。必须开发多功能催化剂，以从生物质中生产富含碳氢化合物的油，这些催化剂能够裂解氧、促进氢转移和解聚。本文比较了基于沸石、介孔硅和金属氧化物的催化共热解研究。此外，还总结了广泛的催化剂改性和每种原料的作用，以全面了解生物质共热解研究和开发的进展。
