State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Jun;114:104730. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104730. Epub 2020 May 1.
Antibiotics play a great role in the treatment of infectious diseases, but meantime, they cause great disturbances to host microbiota. Studies on different antibiotic-induced changes in host microbiota are relatively scarce. This study aimed to investigate the changes in oral and gut microbiota and possible alterations of gut resistance to Salmonella induced by the administration of antibiotics.
The experiment was conducted by administering antibiotics to rats and detecting oral and gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In second part, after treating with antibiotics or Lactobacillus rhamnosus the rats were infected by Salmonella Typhimurium and the pathogen burden in the gut was counted by colony forming unit assay.
The gut microbiota underwent dramatic changes after both vancomycin and ampicillin treatment. The alpha diversity sharply decreased, and the microbiota composition showed a significant difference. However, the gut microbiota recovered within four weeks after stopping antibiotics administration, although this recovery was incomplete. Oral microbiota did not show significant alterations in both alpha and beta diversities. The number of pathogens in the gut in the control group was significantly lower than that in the antibiotic-treated group but only lasted for the first 4 days after infection.
Antibiotics cause dramatic alterations in the number and diversity of gut microbiota but not oral microbiota. These changes in the gut microbiota could incompletely recover four weeks later. When infected with pathogens after antibiotic administration, the rats show a decrease in colonization resistance in the gut for the first four days after infection.
抗生素在治疗感染性疾病方面发挥着重要作用，但同时也会对宿主微生物群造成严重干扰。目前关于不同抗生素引起的宿主微生物群变化的研究相对较少。本研究旨在探讨抗生素给药后口腔和肠道微生物群的变化，以及抗生素可能对肠道抵抗沙门氏菌感染的影响。
通过给大鼠使用抗生素，并通过 16S rRNA 基因测序检测口腔和肠道微生物群，进行实验。在第二部分，用抗生素或鼠李糖乳杆菌处理大鼠后，用平板计数法检测肠道中沙门氏菌的负荷。
万古霉素和氨苄西林治疗后，肠道微生物群发生了剧烈变化。α多样性急剧下降，微生物群落组成也有显著差异。然而，停止抗生素给药后 4 周内，肠道微生物群虽然没有完全恢复，但已经开始恢复。口腔微生物群在α多样性和β多样性方面均未显示出显著变化。对照组肠道内病原体数量明显低于抗生素治疗组，但仅在感染后前 4 天持续存在。
抗生素会导致肠道微生物群数量和多样性发生剧烈变化，但不会影响口腔微生物群。这些肠道微生物群的变化在 4 周后可能无法完全恢复。在给予抗生素后感染病原体时，大鼠在感染后前 4 天肠道定植抵抗力下降。
