Departament Behavioral Sciences and Health. Nursing Area, University Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
Department Nursing and Podiatry, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain.
J Tissue Viability. 2020 Aug;29(3):218-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 Apr 27.
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of blisters on the foot during hiking and the factors associated with this condition.
A cross-sectional observational comparative study was conducted of 315 patients treated at two hostels, located on the Way of Saint James, in northern Spain. The study participants were interviewed and clinically examined to obtain sociodemographic and clinical variables. The variables recorded concerned the type of terrain covered (asphalt or dirt trails), the weight carried (backpack), the footwear used (weight, type, impermeability), the type of socks worn and the hydration of the skin obtained. The inclusion criteria were at least 18 years and to walk at least 20 km in the last five days.
74% (n = 233) of the hikers presented a bullous lesion on the foot after completing several stages of hiking. The most frequent locations were the first or second metatarsal head and the fifth toe. Logistic regression showed that risk factors for the appearance of blistering were the number of kilometres walked on asphalt (p = .001 [95% CI (1.019-1.064)]) and having wet socks at the end of the day (p = . 006 [95% CI (1.286-4.479)]). The protective factors identified were walking on a dirt, grass or gravel surface (p < .001 [95% CI (0.982- 0.995)]) and using customised plantar orthoses (p = .001 [95% CI (0.085) - 0.512)]).
The type of terrain is a determining factor in the appearance of blisters. Walking on a dirt trail reduces the risk. Using custom made insoles and controlling humidity are other factors that should be considered as preventive measures.
本研究旨在评估徒步旅行中足部水疱的发生率，以及与该情况相关的因素。
这是一项在西班牙北部圣地亚哥之路的两家旅舍进行的横断面观察性比较研究。对 315 名接受治疗的患者进行了访谈和临床检查，以获取社会人口统计学和临床变量。记录的变量包括所覆盖的地形类型（沥青或土路）、携带的重量（背包）、所使用的鞋类（重量、类型、不透水性）、所穿的袜子类型以及皮肤的水分含量。纳入标准为至少 18 岁且在过去五天内至少行走 20 公里。
在完成数段徒步旅行后，74%（n=233）的徒步旅行者足部出现水疱性病变。最常见的部位是第一或第二跖骨头和第五脚趾。逻辑回归显示，出现水疱的危险因素是在沥青路面上行走的公里数（p=.001 [95%CI（1.019-1.064）]）和当天结束时袜子潮湿（p=.006 [95%CI（1.286-4.479）]）。确定的保护因素是在土路、草地或砾石表面行走（p<.001 [95%CI（0.982-0.995）]）和使用定制的足底矫形器（p=.001 [95%CI（0.085）-0.512）]）。
地形类型是出现水疱的决定性因素。在土路行走可降低风险。使用定制鞋垫和控制湿度是应考虑的其他预防措施。
