Knapik J J, Reynolds K, Barson J
Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21040, USA.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Aug;39(2 Pt 1):202-6. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70075-1.
Rubbing moist skin results in higher frictional forces than rubbing very dry skin. As friction increases, the probability of activity-related blisters also increases. Therefore reducing moisture may reduce blister incidence during physical activity.
We examined whether an antiperspirant can reduce foot blisters during hiking.
In a double-blind study, cadets attending the US Military Academy were separated into two groups that used either an antiperspirant (20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol) or placebo (anhydrous ethyl alcohol) preparation. Cadets were told to apply preparations to their feet for 5 consecutive nights. On day 6, cadets completed a 21-km hike, and their feet were examined for blisters before and after.
Because of dropouts, the final sample size was 667 cadets with 328 in the antiperspirant group and 339 in the placebo group. There was a high rate of noncompliance with the treatment schedule: Cadets used the preparations from 0 to 5 nights before the hike. For cadets using the preparations at least 3 nights before the hike (n=269), the incidence of foot blisters was 21% for the antiperspirant group and 48% for the placebo group (P < 0.01). However, reports of skin irritation were 57% for the antiperspirant group and 6% for the placebo group (P < 0.01).
A 20% solution of aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol may be effective in reducing foot blisters during hiking; however, the side effect of skin irritation should be considered and preventive measures studied to reduce this irritation.
摩擦湿润的皮肤比摩擦非常干燥的皮肤会产生更大的摩擦力。随着摩擦力增加，与活动相关的水泡出现的可能性也会增加。因此，减少皮肤水分可能会降低体育活动期间水泡的发生率。
我们研究了止汗剂是否能减少徒步过程中足部水泡的产生。
在一项双盲研究中，美国军事学院的学员被分为两组，分别使用一种止汗剂（20%六水合氯化铝的无水乙醇溶液）或安慰剂（无水乙醇）制剂。学员们被告知连续5晚将制剂涂抹在脚上。在第6天，学员们完成了一次21公里的徒步，之后检查他们的足部是否出现水泡。
由于有学员退出，最终样本量为667名学员，其中止汗剂组328名，安慰剂组339名。对治疗方案的依从率很低：学员们在徒步前使用制剂的天数从0天到5天不等。对于在徒步前至少使用3天制剂的学员（n = 269），止汗剂组足部水泡的发生率为21%，安慰剂组为48%（P < 0.01）。然而，止汗剂组皮肤刺激报告率为57%，安慰剂组为6%（P < 0.01）。
20%六水合氯化铝的无水乙醇溶液可能有效减少徒步过程中足部水泡的产生；然而，应考虑皮肤刺激的副作用，并研究预防措施以减少这种刺激。
