Department of Infectious Disease, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic.
Vice-Chair, Department of Infectious Disease, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
Cleve Clin J Med. 2020 Jun 30;87(7):384-388. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc013.
Information about the clinical presentation and course of COVID-19 is evolving rapidly. On presentation, cough and fever predominate, but extrapulmonary symptoms are also common; in some patients, loss of sense of smell may be an early but favorable sign. The mortality rate varies widely in different reports but should become clearer as more data are collected. Risk factors for severe disease and death include comorbid conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Other implicated factors include older age, obesity, end-stage renal disease, and a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.
有关 COVID-19 的临床表现和病程的信息正在迅速发展。在发病时，咳嗽和发热为主，但肺外症状也很常见；在一些患者中，嗅觉丧失可能是一个早期但有利的迹象。不同报告中的死亡率差异很大，但随着更多数据的收集，情况应该会更加清晰。严重疾病和死亡的危险因素包括高血压、心血管疾病、糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病等合并症。其他相关因素包括年龄较大、肥胖、终末期肾病和更高的中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值。
