Alsaraf Khulood M, Mohammad Maeda H, Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed, Abbas Ibrahim S
Pharmacy Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2019 Dec 30;31(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s43046-019-0010-3.
Plantago lanceolata L. is used in Iraqi folklore medicine to treat injuries, and its extract is prescribed by some herbalists for cancer patients. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of P. lanceolata leaf extract on breast cancer cell lines in vitro and to identify its active compounds. Crystal violet viability assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of methanolic P. lanceolata leaf extract against various breast cancer cell lines. MCF7, AMJ13, MDAMB, and CAL51 human breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of the extract for 72 h. The morphology of the treated cells was examined under a phase-contrast inverted microscope. The clonogenic ability was assessed through a clonogenic assay. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to measure the concentrations of phenols and flavonoids in the extract.
The methanolic P. lanceolata leaf extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of triple-negative CAL51 cells but showed minor effect on the other breast cancer cells. In addition, at high doses, it induced cytopathic morphological changes. The clonogenic assay showed low colony formation in the exposed cells, especially CAL51 cells. Furthermore, HPLC study revealed that the methanolic extract contained important flavonoid glycosides, especially rutin, myricetin quercetin, and kaempferol.
P. lanceolata leaf extract selectively inhibited the proliferation of CAL51 triple-negative breast cancer cells and showed minor effect on the other breast cancer cells types studied. Thus, this study showed P. lanceolata as a possible natural source of selective anti-triple-negative breast cancer drugs.
窄叶车前草在伊拉克民间医学中用于治疗损伤，一些草药医生会为癌症患者开具其提取物。本研究旨在评估窄叶车前草叶提取物对乳腺癌细胞系的体外作用，并鉴定其活性成分。采用结晶紫活力测定法测定窄叶车前草叶甲醇提取物对各种乳腺癌细胞系的细胞毒性。用不同浓度的提取物处理MCF7、AMJ13、MDAMB和CAL51人乳腺癌细胞72小时。在相差倒置显微镜下检查处理后细胞的形态。通过克隆形成试验评估克隆形成能力。进行高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析以测量提取物中酚类和黄酮类化合物的浓度。
窄叶车前草叶甲醇提取物显著抑制三阴性CAL51细胞的增殖，但对其他乳腺癌细胞的作用较小。此外，高剂量时，它会诱导细胞病变形态变化。克隆形成试验显示暴露细胞中克隆形成率低，尤其是CAL51细胞。此外，HPLC研究表明甲醇提取物含有重要的黄酮糖苷，尤其是芦丁、杨梅素、槲皮素和山奈酚。
窄叶车前草叶提取物选择性抑制CAL51三阴性乳腺癌细胞的增殖，对其他研究的乳腺癌细胞类型作用较小。因此，本研究表明窄叶车前草可能是选择性抗三阴性乳腺癌药物的天然来源。
