Sanna Federico, Piluzza Giovanna, Campesi Giuseppe, Molinu Maria Giovanna, Re Giovanni Antonio, Sulas Leonardo
National Research Council, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Traversa La Crucca 3, Località Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 16;11(6):791. doi: 10.3390/plants11060791.
L. (plantain) is an interesting multipurpose perennial species whose aerial parts are used in herbal medicine due to its precious phytochemicals and are palatable to animals. Moreover, peculiar traits such as drought tolerance, an extended growth season and a deep root system, make plantain a promising pioneer plant for quarry reclamation based on the use of native species. This study evaluated the effects of different environmental conditions and seasons on the accumulation of the bioactive compounds of its aerial organs. An autochthonous plantain population was grown in three locations in Sardinia (Italy). Leaves, peduncles and inflorescences were collected between October 2020 and July 2021. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. The analysis of the individual phenolic compounds was performed using liquid chromatography. In leaves, the content of total phenolics, antioxidant capacity and total flavonoids were significantly influenced by location and season. Total phenolic content ranged from 65 to 240 g gallic acid equivalent kg, whereas total flavonoids were from 16 to about 89 g catechin equivalent kg. Neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic acids, verbascoside, diosmin and luteolin were identified in the methanolic extracts of leaves, peduncles and inflorescences. Verbascoside was the main antioxidant isolated from plantain extracts. Results evidenced an increasing accumulation pattern of phenolics from vegetative stage to flowering, followed by a decrement towards the seed ripening as well as site-specific differences with amounts of phenolics even 25% higher for same plantain accession.
大车前（Plantago lanceolata L.）是一种有趣的多年生多用途植物，其地上部分因其珍贵的植物化学成分而被用于草药，并且对动物来说可口。此外，大车前具有耐旱、生长季节长和根系发达等独特特性，使其成为基于本地物种利用的采石场复垦中有前景的先锋植物。本研究评估了不同环境条件和季节对其地上器官生物活性化合物积累的影响。在意大利撒丁岛的三个地点种植了一个本地大车前种群。于2020年10月至2021年7月期间采集叶片、花茎和花序。测定了酚类含量和抗氧化能力。使用液相色谱法对单个酚类化合物进行分析。在叶片中，总酚含量、抗氧化能力和总黄酮含量受地点和季节的显著影响。总酚含量范围为65至240克没食子酸当量/千克，而总黄酮含量为16至约89克儿茶素当量/千克。在叶片、花茎和花序的甲醇提取物中鉴定出了新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、毛蕊花糖苷、地奥司明和木犀草素。毛蕊花糖苷是从大车前提取物中分离出的主要抗氧化剂。结果表明，酚类物质从营养阶段到开花期呈增加的积累模式，随后在种子成熟时减少，并且存在地点特异性差异，同一大车前种质的酚类物质含量甚至高出25%。
