Deressa Guracho Yonas, Addis Getachew Setotaw, Tafere Sileshi Mulatu, Hurisa Kidanu, Bifftu Berhanu Boru, Goedert Martha H, Gelaw Yared Mulu
Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Health Informatics, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
J Addict. 2020 Apr 21;2020:9483164. doi: 10.1155/2020/9483164. eCollection 2020.
Although tobacco use is highest in high-income countries, most tobacco-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries with the highest number of deaths recorded in East Africa. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of current cigarette smoking among Ethiopian university students.
The authors searched databases from PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Web of Sciences. The publications included in the analysis were inclusive, the literature was searched from January 2011 to December 2018. The JBI-MAStARI critical appraisal tool was applied to 13 publications identified by the database search. I statistics were used to indicate heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using the visual funnel plot. A value < 0.1 was considered as indicative of statistically significant publication bias. A random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking, and the variables associated with cigarette smoking were examined.
The meta-analysis of 13 studies showed that the pooled prevalence of current cigarette smoking was found to be 12.55% (95% CI: 10.39-14.72; I = 94.0%) with no publication bias according to Egger's test ( = 0.007) for cigarette smoking by 2.05 (95% CI: 1.52-2.75). Factors associated with cigarette smoking were peer influence 2.79 (95% CI: 1.62-4.82; I = 35.7), khat chewing (95% CI: 2.81-15.26; I = 82.5), and alcohol use 11.16 (95% CI: 7.46-16.71).
Our findings indicate a high prevalence of cigarette smoking among Ethiopian university students as compared to the general population. Gender, peer influence, khat chewing, and current alcohol use were significantly associated with cigarette smoking. The authors recommend promoting antismoking campaigns, emphasizing health hazard public service announcements about cigarettes, and integrating health education on smoking in youth-friendly services, especially targeting higher educational institutions.
尽管高收入国家烟草使用率最高，但大多数与烟草相关的死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家，其中东非记录的死亡人数最多。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚大学生当前吸烟的合并患病率及相关因素。
作者检索了来自PubMed、PsycINFO、谷歌学术、EMBASE和科学网的数据库。纳入分析的出版物具有包容性，文献检索时间为2011年1月至2018年12月。JBI-MAStARI批判性评价工具应用于数据库检索确定的13篇出版物。I统计量用于表示异质性。使用直观漏斗图评估发表偏倚。P值<0.1被认为表明存在统计学上显著的发表偏倚。计算随机效应荟萃分析模型以估计吸烟的合并患病率，并检查与吸烟相关的变量。
对13项研究的荟萃分析表明，当前吸烟的合并患病率为12.55%（95%CI：10.39-14.72；I=94.0%），根据Egger检验（P=0.007），吸烟不存在发表偏倚。与吸烟相关的因素包括同伴影响2.79（95%CI：1.62-4.82；I=35.7）、恰特草咀嚼2.81（95%CI：2.81-15.26；I=82.5）和饮酒11.16（95%CI：7.46-16.71）。
我们的研究结果表明，与普通人群相比，埃塞俄比亚大学生吸烟率较高。性别、同伴影响、恰特草咀嚼和当前饮酒与吸烟显著相关。作者建议开展反吸烟运动，强调关于香烟危害健康的公共服务公告，并将青少年友好型服务中的吸烟健康教育纳入其中，尤其是针对高等教育机构。
