School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Rev Neurosci. 2020 Jul 28;31(5):457-503. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0090.
The drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of ketamine is complex due to its rich pharmacology with multiple potential sites at clinically relevant doses. In this review of the neurophysiology of ketamine, we focus on the acute effects of ketamine in the resting brain. We ascend through spatial scales starting with a complete review of the pharmacology of ketamine and then cover its effects on in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology. We then summarise and critically evaluate studies using EEG/MEG and neuroimaging measures (MRI and PET), integrating across scales where possible. While a complicated and, at times, confusing picture of ketamine's effects are revealed, we stress that much of this might be caused by use of different species, doses, and analytical methodologies and suggest strategies that future work could use to answer these problems.
氯胺酮由于在麻醉、精神分裂症模型以及最近的抗抑郁特性方面的应用而得到了广泛的研究。由于其药理学复杂，在临床相关剂量下具有多个潜在作用部位，因此理解氯胺酮的生理学机制很复杂。在对氯胺酮神经生理学的这篇综述中，我们专注于氯胺酮在静息大脑中的急性作用。我们从氯胺酮的药理学综述开始，逐步上升到空间尺度，然后涵盖其对体外和体内电生理学的影响。然后，我们总结并批判性地评估了使用 EEG/MEG 和神经影像学测量（MRI 和 PET）的研究，尽可能在不同尺度上进行整合。虽然揭示了氯胺酮作用的一幅复杂且有时令人困惑的画面，但我们强调，其中许多可能是由于使用不同的物种、剂量和分析方法引起的，并提出了未来工作可以用来解决这些问题的策略。
