Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano City, Nagano, Japan.
Japanese Consortium for Global School Health and Research, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 2020 Aug;62(8):891-898. doi: 10.1111/ped.14292. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
It is essential to develop relevant human resources and sustainable training systems to promote school health.
This paper reviewed the structure of human resources and relevant training systems for school health in Japan and identified current strengths and challenges.
Our review identified seven key points: (i) a legal basis for the allocation of human resources to schools; (ii) established training systems for school health human resources; (iii) uniformity and quality of teacher training curricula; (iv) establishment of teacher-training institutions; (v) education centers in every prefecture; (vi) allocation of supervisors for Yogo teachers to every prefectural and municipal education board; and (vii) various study group activities at the district and school levels.
Based on these results, we proposed some useful ideas for developing human resources to promote school health in countries outside Japan, especially for developing countries. First, it is necessary to clarify the required competencies for school health among school staff and establish teacher-training systems based on the required competencies in each country. It is also necessary to consider possible collaboration with existing community health workers, such as doctors, nurses, midwives, nutritionists, and community health workers by providing short-term training on school health. Second, it is important to train and assign specialists to teacher-training institutions that can provide education and conduct research on school health. Third, it is helpful to enhance the functions of in-service training at the prefectural or district level and introduce lesson study on school health.
开发相关人力资源和可持续培训系统对于促进学校卫生至关重要。
本文回顾了日本学校卫生人力资源的结构和相关培训系统，并确定了当前的优势和挑战。
我们的审查确定了七个要点：（i）将人力资源分配到学校的法律依据；（ii）建立学校卫生人力资源培训系统；（iii）教师培训课程的统一性和质量；（iv）建立教师培训机构；（v）每个县都有教育中心；（vi）为每个县和市教育委员会分配 Yogo 教师的监督员；（vii）地区和学校各级的各种学习小组活动。
基于这些结果，我们为日本以外国家，特别是发展中国家开发促进学校卫生的人力资源提出了一些有益的思路。首先，有必要明确学校工作人员对学校卫生所需的能力，并根据每个国家的要求建立教师培训系统。还需要考虑与现有社区卫生工作者（如医生、护士、助产士、营养师和社区卫生工作者）合作的可能性，通过提供短期培训来开展学校卫生工作。其次，培训和分配专家到教师培训机构非常重要，这些机构可以提供学校卫生方面的教育和研究。第三，加强县级或地区级在职培训的职能，并引入学校卫生的课程研究是有帮助的。
