Zhang Yaoxin, Xiong Ting, Nandakumar Dilip Krishna, Tan Swee Ching
Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore 9 Engineering drive 1 Singapore 117574 Singapore.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Mar 31;7(9):1903478. doi: 10.1002/advs.201903478. eCollection 2020 May.
The past few years have witnessed a rapid development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation, a promising technology for low-cost water desalination. As of today, solar-to-steam conversion efficiencies close to 100% or even beyond the limit are becoming increasingly achievable in virtue of unique photothermal materials and structures. Herein, the cutting-edge approaches are summarized, and their mechanisms for photothermal structure architecting are uncovered in order to achieve ultrahigh conversion efficiency. Design principles to enhance evaporation performance and currently available salt-rejection strategies for long-term desalination are systematically investigated. The guidelines to utilize every component in solar desalination systems for simultaneous in situ energy generation are also revealed. Finally, opportunities and challenges for future works in this field are also discussed and concluded.
在过去几年中，太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术取得了快速发展，这是一种用于低成本海水淡化的很有前景的技术。截至目前，借助独特的光热材料和结构，接近100%甚至超越该极限的太阳能到蒸汽的转换效率越来越容易实现。在此，总结了前沿方法，并揭示了它们构建光热结构的机制，以实现超高转换效率。系统地研究了提高蒸发性能的设计原则以及目前用于长期海水淡化的可用防盐策略。还揭示了在太阳能海水淡化系统中利用每个组件同时进行原位能量产生的指导方针。最后，也讨论并总结了该领域未来工作的机遇与挑战。
