Tu Ce, Cai Wenfu, Chen Xue, Ouyang Xiaolong, Zhang Hui, Zhang Zhong
CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
School of Mechanical and Electrical, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
Small. 2019 Sep;15(37):e1902070. doi: 10.1002/smll.201902070. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Solar-driven evaporation is a promising way of using abundant solar energy for desalinating polluted water or seawater, which addresses the challenge of global fresh water scarcity. Cost-effectiveness and durability are key factors for practical solar-driven evaporation technology. The present cutting-edge techniques mostly rely on costly and complex fabricated nanomaterials, such as metallic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanoporous hydrogels, graphene, and graphene derivatives. Herein, a black nylon fiber (BNF) flocking board with a vertically aligned array prepared via a convenient electrostatic flocking technique is reported, presenting an extremely high solar absorbance (99.6%), a water self-supply capability, and a unique salt self-dissolution capability for seawater desalination. Through a carefully designed 3D structure, a plug-in-type BNF flocking board steam generator realizes a high evaporation rate of 2.09 kg m h under 1 kW m solar illumination, well beyond its corresponding upper limit of 1.50 kg m h (assuming 100% solar energy is being used for evaporation latent heat). With the advantages of high-efficiency fabrication, cost-effectiveness, high evaporation rate, and high endurance in seawater desalination, this 3D design provides a new strategy to build up an economic, sustainable, and rapid solar-driven steam generation system.
太阳能驱动蒸发是一种利用丰富太阳能对污水或海水进行淡化的很有前景的方法，它解决了全球淡水短缺的挑战。成本效益和耐久性是实用太阳能驱动蒸发技术的关键因素。目前的前沿技术大多依赖于昂贵且复杂的人造纳米材料，如金属纳米颗粒、纳米管、纳米多孔水凝胶、石墨烯及其衍生物。在此，报道了一种通过便捷的静电植绒技术制备的具有垂直排列阵列的黑色尼龙纤维（BNF）植绒板，其具有极高的太阳能吸收率（99.6%）、水自供应能力以及用于海水淡化的独特盐自溶解能力。通过精心设计的三维结构，一种插入式BNF植绒板蒸汽发生器在1 kW m的太阳光照下实现了2.09 kg m h的高蒸发速率，远超其相应的1.50 kg m h上限（假设100%的太阳能用于蒸发潜热）。凭借高效制造、成本效益高、蒸发速率高以及在海水淡化中耐久性强等优点，这种三维设计为构建经济、可持续且快速的太阳能驱动蒸汽发生系统提供了一种新策略。
