Onoi Keisuke, Chihara Yusuke, Uchino Junji, Shimamoto Takayuki, Morimoto Yoshie, Iwasaku Masahiro, Kaneko Yoshiko, Yamada Tadaaki, Takayama Koichi
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2020 May 6;9(5):1362. doi: 10.3390/jcm9051362.
The treatment of lung cancer has changed drastically in recent years owing to the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A 1992 study reported that programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint molecule, is upregulated during the induction of T cell death. Since then, various immunoregulatory mechanisms involving PD-1 have been clarified, and the successful use of PD-1 blockers in anticancer therapy eventually led to the development of the current generation of ICIs. Nivolumab was the first ICI approved for treating lung cancer in 2014. Since then, various ICIs such as pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab have been successively introduced into clinical medicine and have shown remarkable efficacy. The introduction of ICIs constituted a major advancement in lung cancer treatment, but disease prognosis continues to remain low. Therefore, new molecular-targeted therapies coupled with existing anticancer drugs and radiotherapy have recently been explored. This review encompasses the current status, challenges, and future perspectives of ICI treatment in lung cancer.
近年来，由于免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）的出现，肺癌的治疗发生了巨大变化。1992年的一项研究报告称，免疫检查点分子程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）在T细胞死亡诱导过程中上调。从那时起，涉及PD-1的各种免疫调节机制得到了阐明，PD-1阻滞剂在抗癌治疗中的成功应用最终促成了当前一代ICI的开发。纳武单抗是2014年首个被批准用于治疗肺癌的ICI。从那时起，派姆单抗、阿特珠单抗和度伐鲁单抗等各种ICI相继被引入临床医学，并显示出显著疗效。ICI的引入是肺癌治疗的一项重大进展，但疾病预后仍然很差。因此，最近人们探索了将新的分子靶向疗法与现有的抗癌药物和放疗相结合的方法。这篇综述涵盖了ICI治疗肺癌的现状、挑战和未来展望。
