Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil.
Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
Biomolecules. 2020 May 6;10(5):726. doi: 10.3390/biom10050726.
Brazilian red propolis has been proposed as a new source of compounds with cytotoxic activity. Red propolis is a resinous material of vegetal origin, synthesized from the bees of the Appis mellifera family, with recognized biological properties. To obtain actives of low polarity and high cytotoxic profile from red propolis, in this work, we proposed a new solvent accelerated extraction method. A complete 2 factorial design was carried out to evaluate the influence of the independent variables or factors (e.g., temperature, number of cycles, and extraction time) on the dependent variable or response (i.e., yield of production). The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the identification of chemical compounds. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, and terpenes, such as lupeol, lupenone, and lupeol acetate, in most of the obtained extracts. To evaluate the cytotoxicity profile of the obtained bioactives, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2--tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was performed in different tumor cell lines (HCT116 and PC3). The results show that the extract obtained from 70 °C and one cycle of extraction of 10 min exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. The highest yield, however, did not indicate the highest cytotoxic activity, but the optimal extraction conditions were indeed dependent on the temperature (i.e., 70 °C).
巴西红蜂胶被认为是一种具有细胞毒性的化合物的新来源。红蜂胶是一种源自植物的树脂状物质，由蜜蜂家族的 Apis mellifera 合成，具有公认的生物学特性。为了从红蜂胶中获得低极性和高细胞毒性特征的活性物质，在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的溶剂加速提取方法。采用完全 2 因子设计来评估独立变量或因素（例如，温度、循环次数和提取时间）对因变量或响应值（即产物的产率）的影响。通过气相色谱-质谱联用分析提取物以鉴定化合物。气相色谱分析显示，在所得到的大多数提取物中存在烃类、醇类、酮类、醚类和萜类化合物，如羽扇醇、羽扇烯酮和羽扇醇乙酸酯。为了评估所得生物活性物质的细胞毒性特征，采用 3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基-2--四氮唑溴盐比色法在不同肿瘤细胞系（HCT116 和 PC3）中进行了测试。结果表明，在 70°C 下提取 10 分钟，仅进行一个循环得到的提取物对测试细胞系表现出最高的细胞毒性活性。然而，最高的产率并不意味着最高的细胞毒性活性，而是最佳的提取条件确实取决于温度（即 70°C）。
