New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Science and Research, Mail Code 428-01, 428 E State St., Trenton, NJ 08625, United States of America.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 10;729:138839. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138839. Epub 2020 Apr 28.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances found in New Jersey (NJ) due to historic and current industrial activities and the use of aqueous film forming foams. This research documents PFAS occurrence in surface water, sediments, and fish tissue at 11 targeted waterbodies in NJ suspected to be impacted by PFAS. Thirteen PFAS compounds were quantified from each media. The profile of detected PFAS differed among media from the same site, with shorter chain PFAS tending to predominate in surface water while longer chain PFAS predominated in fish and sediments. All water samples contained detectable levels of at least four perfluoroalkyl substances. PFOA, PFHpA and PFPeA were detected at every site. ΣPFAS concentrations in water samples ranged from 22.9 to 279.5 ng/L. At least one, and up to eight, PFAS were detected in sediment samples at 10 sites, while there were no detections of PFAS in sediments at the reference site. ΣPFAS concentrations in sediment samples ranged from below detection to 30.9 ng/g. At least one fish of each species at every site had detectable levels of PFAS compounds. ΣPFAS concentrations in fish were highest at sites downstream from a military facility, and lowest at the reference site. PFOS, PFDA, PFUnA and PFDoA were the predominant PFAS detected in fish tissue. PFOS was generally found in fish tissue at higher concentrations than other PFAS, with higher PFOS concentrations found in the tissue of yellow perch, American eel, pumpkinseed, and largemouth bass collected at sites with higher detections of PFOS in surface waters. PFOS levels in nearly all fish species were, on average, high enough to trigger fish consumption advisories. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the sources and occurrence of PFAS in NJ and to better understand their movement through the environment and potential risks.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是在新泽西州（NJ）由于历史和当前的工业活动以及使用水成膜泡沫而存在的持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性物质。这项研究记录了 11 个目标水体中地表水、沉积物和鱼类组织中 PFAS 的存在情况，这些水体被怀疑受到 PFAS 的影响。从每种介质中量化了 13 种 PFAS 化合物。来自同一地点的不同介质中检测到的 PFAS 特征不同，短链 PFAS 往往在地表水中占优势，而长链 PFAS 则在鱼类和沉积物中占优势。所有水样均含有至少四种全氟烷基物质。在每个地点都检测到 PFOA、PFHpA 和 PFPeA。水样中ΣPFAS 浓度范围为 22.9 至 279.5ng/L。在 10 个地点的沉积物样品中至少检测到一种，最多八种 PFAS，而在参考地点的沉积物样品中则未检测到 PFAS。沉积物样品中ΣPFAS 浓度范围为低于检测限至 30.9ng/g。在每个地点的每种鱼类中至少有一种都检测到了 PFAS 化合物。鱼类中ΣPFAS 浓度在距军事设施下游的地点最高，在参考地点最低。在鱼类组织中检测到的主要 PFAS 为 PFOS、PFDA、PFUnA 和 PFDoA。在地表水 PFOS 检出率较高的地点，PFOS 通常在鱼类组织中的浓度高于其他 PFAS，在黄鲈、美洲鳗、南瓜籽和大口黑鲈的组织中发现了较高浓度的 PFOS。在几乎所有鱼类物种中，PFOS 水平均足以触发鱼类食用建议。需要进一步开展研究，以进一步评估新泽西州 PFAS 的来源和存在情况，并更好地了解其在环境中的迁移及其潜在风险。
