U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, OR, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1;906:167798. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167798. Epub 2023 Oct 12.
A major source of toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used in firefighting and training at airports and military installations, however, PFAS have many additional sources in consumer products and industrial processes. A field study was conducted on fish tissues from three reaches of the Columbia Slough, located near Portland International Airport, OR, that are affected by AFFF and other PFAS sources. Fishes including largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were collected in 2019 and 2020. Fish blood, liver, and fillet (muscle) were analyzed for target and suspect PFAS by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data were analyzed for patterns by fish species, tissue type, and river reach. Thirty-three out of 50 target PFAS and additional suspect compounds were detected at least once during the study, at concentrations up to 856 ng/g. Seven carboxylic acids (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA), three sulfonates (PFHxS, PFOS, PFDS), three electrofluorination-based compounds (FBSA, FHxSA, FOSA), and two fluorotelomer-based compounds (8:2 FTS, 10:2 FTS) were the most frequently detected compounds in all tissue types. The C6 (PFHxS) to C10 (PFDS) homologs were detected with PFOS and FHxSA at concentrations 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than the other PFAS detected. This is the first report of Cl-PFOS, FPeSA, and FHpSA detected in fish tissue. In all fish samples, fillet concentrations of PFAS were the lowest, followed by liver, and blood concentrations of PFAS were the highest. Differences in PFAS concentrations were driven primarily by tissue types and to a lesser extent fish species, but weakly by river reach. The Oregon Health Authority modified an existing fish consumption advisory on the Columbia Slough to recommend no whole-body consumption of most fish to avoid elevated levels of PFOS in fish liver. Measured PFAS concentrations in fish tissues indicate the potential for adverse ecological effects.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的一个主要来源是机场和军事设施中用于消防和训练的水成膜泡沫（AFFF），但 PFAS 在消费产品和工业过程中有许多其他来源。在俄勒冈州波特兰国际机场附近的哥伦比亚沼泽的三个河段进行了一项实地研究，这些河段受到 AFFF 和其他 PFAS 源的影响。2019 年和 2020 年期间，采集了 largescale sucker（Catostomus macrocheilus）、金鱼（Carassius auratus）和大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）等鱼类的血液、肝脏和鱼片（肌肉），并通过液相色谱高分辨质谱（LC-HRMS）分析目标和可疑 PFAS。根据鱼类种类、组织类型和河流河段对数据进行了模式分析。在研究过程中，至少有 33 种 50 种目标 PFAS 和其他可疑化合物被检测到，浓度高达 856ng/g。在所有组织类型中，七种羧酸（PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFUdA、PFDoA、PFTrDA、PFTeDA）、三种磺酸盐（PFHxS、PFOS、PFDS）、三种基于电氟化的化合物（FBSA、FHxSA、FOSA）和两种基于氟代醇的化合物（8:2 FTS、10:2 FTS）是最常被检测到的化合物。在所有组织类型中，C6（PFHxS）到 C10（PFDS）同系物的检测浓度是其他检测到的 PFAS 的 1-3 个数量级。这是首次在鱼类组织中检测到 Cl-PFOS、FPeSA 和 FHpSA。在所有鱼类样本中，鱼片的 PFAS 浓度最低，其次是肝脏，血液中的 PFAS 浓度最高。PFAS 浓度的差异主要由组织类型驱动，其次是鱼类种类，但河流河段的影响较弱。俄勒冈州卫生署修改了哥伦比亚沼泽现有的鱼类消费建议，建议不要食用大多数鱼类的整鱼，以避免鱼类肝脏中 PFOS 含量升高。鱼类组织中测量的 PFAS 浓度表明存在潜在的不良生态影响。
