Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2020 Aug;310:123459. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123459. Epub 2020 Apr 29.
Poultry litter is a potentially valuable crude protein feedstuff for ruminants but must be treated to kill pathogens before being fed. Composting kills pathogens but risks losses of nitrogen due to volatilization or leaching as ammonia. Treatment of poultry litter with ethyl nitroacetate, 3-nitro-1-propionate, ethyl 2-nitropropionate (at 27 µmol/g), decreased numbers of experimentally-inoculated Salmonella Typhimurium (>1.0 log compared to controls, 4.2 ± 0.2 log CFU/g) but not endogenous Escherichia coli early during simulated composting. By day 9 of simulated composting, Salmonella and E. coli were decreased to non-detectable levels regardless of treatment. Some nitro-treatments preserved uric acid and prevented ammonia accumulation, with 18% more uric acid remaining and 17-24% less ammonia accumulating in some nitro-treated litter than in untreated litter (18.1 ± 3.8 µmol/g and 3.4 ± 1.4 µmol/g, respectively). Results indicate that nitro-treatment may help preserve uric acid in composted litter while aiding Salmonella control.
家禽粪便垫料是反刍动物潜在有价值的粗蛋白饲料，但在用作饲料之前必须经过处理以杀死病原体。堆肥可以杀死病原体，但由于氨的挥发或淋溶，存在氮损失的风险。用乙基硝乙酸酯、3-硝基-1-丙酯、乙基 2-硝基丙酯（27µmol/g）处理家禽粪便垫料，可减少实验接种的肠炎沙门氏菌（与对照组相比，减少>1.0 对数级，4.2±0.2 log CFU/g）的数量，但在模拟堆肥早期对内源性大肠杆菌没有影响。到模拟堆肥的第 9 天，无论处理与否，沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌都减少到无法检测的水平。一些硝化处理可以保存尿酸并防止氨积累，与未处理的粪便垫料相比，一些硝化处理的粪便垫料中尿酸含量多保留 18%，氨积累量少 17-24%（分别为 18.1±3.8µmol/g 和 3.4±1.4µmol/g）。结果表明，硝化处理可能有助于在堆肥粪便垫料中保存尿酸，同时有助于控制沙门氏菌。
