Random cancers as supported by registry data.

There has been considerable interest in recent years in quantifying the rate of unavoidable or so-called random cancers, as opposed to cancers linked to environmental, genetic or other factors. We propose a data-based approach to estimate an upper limit to this probability, based on an analysis of multiple registry data. The argument is that the cumulative hazards for random cancers cannot exceed the minimum reliable cumulative hazard observed across the registries. We propose a Monte Carlo method to identify this upper limit and apply the method to data on nine different cancers recorded by 423 registries. We compare our values with estimates obtained from a random mutations argument.