Mutemwa Muyunda, Peer Nasheeta, de Villiers Anniza, Faber Mieke, Kengne Andre-Pascal
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
South Afr J HIV Med. 2020 Apr 21;21(1):1072. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v21i1.1072. eCollection 2020.
In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, smoking increases both HIV-related and non-related negative health outcomes.
To determine the prevalence and associations of smoking in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy at public healthcare facilities in the Western Cape province, South Africa.
Participants comprised 827 HIV-infected patients, who were > 18 years old and randomly selected from 17 HIV healthcare facilities. Self-reported smoking was defined as smoking tobacco daily or occasionally. Serum cotinine levels confirmed smoking status.
Participants included 653 women and 174 men. The overall mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 38.9 (9.0) years, 41.1 (8.9) years in men and 37.7 (8.9) years in women ( ˂ 0.001). The median diagnosed duration of HIV infection was 5 years. Smoking prevalence was 22% overall, and 26% in men and 21% in women ( = 0.022). The prevalence of former smoking was 14%. About a quarter of participants (185/751; 24.6%) had serum cotinine levels > 100 mg/mL with similar prevalence of high levels across smoking status (current smokers: 27.2%, former smokers: 29.6% and never smokers: 22.7%, = 0.564) and did not vary by age, gender, cluster of differentiation 4 count or known duration of HIV. There was no agreement between self-reports and cotinine levels at ranking smoking exposure.
Prevalence of current tobacco smoking in HIV-infected patients on care is within the range of that in the general population. This highlights the potential missed opportunity or challenges of co-addressing smoking cessation in individuals already in regular contact with the health system.
在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体中，吸烟会增加与HIV相关及不相关的负面健康后果。
确定在南非西开普省公共医疗机构接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV感染成人中吸烟的患病率及相关因素。
参与者包括827名年龄大于18岁的HIV感染患者，这些患者从17家HIV医疗机构中随机选取。自我报告的吸烟定义为每天或偶尔吸烟。血清可替宁水平用于确认吸烟状态。
参与者包括653名女性和174名男性。总体平均（标准差[SD]）年龄为38.9（9.0）岁，男性为41.1（8.9）岁，女性为37.7（8.9）岁（P<0.001）。HIV感染的中位诊断时长为5年。总体吸烟患病率为22%，男性为26%，女性为21%（P = 0.022）。既往吸烟患病率为14%。约四分之一的参与者（185/751；24.6%）血清可替宁水平>100 ng/mL，不同吸烟状态下高水平的患病率相似（当前吸烟者：27.2%，既往吸烟者：29.6%，从不吸烟者：22.7%，P = 0.564），且不随年龄、性别、分化抗原4计数或已知的HIV病程而变化。在吸烟暴露排名方面，自我报告与可替宁水平之间没有一致性。
接受治疗的HIV感染患者中当前吸烟的患病率在一般人群范围内。这凸显了在已经与卫生系统有定期接触的个体中共同解决戒烟问题时可能错过的机会或面临的挑战。
