Cawthorn Donna-Mareè, Fitzhenry Leon Brett, Kotrba Radim, Bureš Daniel, Hoffman Louwrens C
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa.
School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Cnr R40 and D725 Roads, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa.
Foods. 2020 May 7;9(5):598. doi: 10.3390/foods9050598.
Although fallow deer are abundant in South Africa, these cervids remain undervalued as a domestic protein source and little information exists on their meat quality. This study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions of the meat from wild fallow deer ( = 6 male, n = 6 female) harvested in South Africa, as affected by sex and muscle. Proximate analyses were conducted on six muscles ( [LTL], [BF], [SM], [ST], [IS], [SS]), whereas mineral analyses were conducted on the LTL and BF. The proximate composition of the muscles ranged from 73.3-76.2% moisture, 20.4-23.1% protein, 2.2-3.2% fat, and 1.1-1.5% ash. Proximate composition was significantly ( ≤ 0.05) influenced by muscle, but not by sex. The primary essential macro- and micro-minerals determined in the LTL and BF were potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium, as well as iron, zinc, and copper, with more variation in concentrations occurring with muscle than with sex. Minerals in the muscles contributing most notably to human recommended dietary requirements were potassium, iron, copper, and zinc. These findings indicate that wild fallow deer meat is a nutritious food source and should enhance utilisation of such products.
尽管南非黇鹿数量众多，但这些鹿作为一种家养蛋白质来源仍未得到充分重视，而且关于其肉质的信息也很少。本研究旨在评估在南非捕获的野生黇鹿（雄性 = 6头，雌性 = 6头）肉的近似成分和矿物质成分，以及性别和肌肉对其的影响。对六种肌肉（[腰大肌]、[股二头肌]、[半膜肌]、[半腱肌]、[内收肌]、[缝匠肌]）进行了近似分析，而对腰大肌和股二头肌进行了矿物质分析。肌肉的近似成分范围为水分73.3 - 76.2%、蛋白质20.4 - 23.1%、脂肪2.2 - 3.2%和灰分1.1 - 1.5%。近似成分受肌肉显著影响（≤0.05），但不受性别影响。在腰大肌和股二头肌中测定的主要必需常量和微量矿物质为钾、磷、钠和镁，以及铁、锌和铜，肌肉中矿物质浓度的变化比性别造成的变化更大。肌肉中对人类推荐饮食需求贡献最显著的矿物质是钾、铁、铜和锌。这些发现表明，野生黇鹿肉是一种营养丰富的食物来源，应提高对此类产品的利用率。
