College of Business, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai 265713, China.
School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 7;17(9):3265. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093265.
Although researchers have argued that long work hours have been shown to threaten individual health, lead to work-family conflict, and reduce job performance, the effect of overtime work on social-related outcomes has received little attention. Based on the framework of relative deprivation, we attempt to address this important issue by exploring whether, why, and when individuals' overtime work influences their social attitudes. By using the data of 400 Chinese employees from the China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey (CLD), we found that overtime work was associated with a low level of subjective social status and social inclusion. In addition, we found that the time type of overtime work (work overtime on weekdays or on weekends and holidays) has a moderating effect on the relationship between overtime work and social inclusion. That is, employees who work overtime on weekdays are unlikely to have a sense of social inclusion. Furthermore, the negative relationship between overtime work and subjective social status was stronger at a low level of fairness rather than a high level of fairness. In contrast, the negative relationship between overtime work and social inclusion was stronger at a high level of fairness rather than a low level of fairness. These findings highlight the critical role of overtime work in social life and also provide novel insights into social intervention aimed at the happiness and harmony of a society.
虽然研究人员认为，长时间工作会威胁个人健康、导致工作与家庭冲突，并降低工作绩效，但加班工作对社会相关结果的影响却很少受到关注。基于相对剥夺的框架，我们试图通过探讨加班工作是否以及何时会影响个人的社会态度来解决这个重要问题。利用中国劳动力动态调查（CLD）的 400 名中国员工的数据，我们发现加班工作与较低的主观社会地位和社会包容度有关。此外，我们还发现加班工作的时间类型（平日加班或周末和节假日加班）对加班工作与社会包容度之间的关系具有调节作用。也就是说，平日加班的员工不太可能有社会包容感。此外，在公平水平较低而非公平水平较高的情况下，加班工作与主观社会地位之间的负相关关系更强。相比之下，在公平水平较高而非公平水平较低的情况下，加班工作与社会包容度之间的负相关关系更强。这些发现突出了加班工作在社会生活中的关键作用，也为旨在实现社会幸福与和谐的社会干预提供了新的视角。
