Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, ES-08023 Barcelona, Spain.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Jul;63(7):521-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.082123. Epub 2009 Mar 1.
The objectives of this study are to identify family and job characteristics associated with long work hours, to analyse the relationship between long work hours and several health indicators, and to examine whether gender differences for both objectives exist.
The sample was composed of all salaried workers aged 16-64 years (3950 men and 3153 women) interviewed in the 2006 Catalonian Health Survey. Weekly work hours were categorised as less than 30 h (part-time), 30-40 (reference category), 41-50 and 51-60 h. Multiple logistic regression models separated by sex were fitted.
Factors associated with long working hours differed by gender. Among men, extended work hours were related with being married or cohabiting and with being separated or divorced. In men, working 51-60 h a week was consistently associated with poor mental health status (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.24), self-reported hypertension (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.29), job dissatisfaction (aOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.82), smoking (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.72), shortage of sleep (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.85) and no leisure-time physical activity (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.60). Moreover, a gradient from standard working hours to 51-60 h a week was found for these six outcomes. Among women it was only related to smoking and to shortage of sleep.
The association of overtime with different health indicators among men could be explained by their role as the family breadwinner: in situations of family financial stress men work overtime in order to increase the income and/or accept poor working conditions for fear of job loss, one of them being long working hours.
本研究旨在确定与长时间工作相关的家庭和工作特征，分析长时间工作与多项健康指标之间的关系，并检验这两个目标是否存在性别差异。
该样本由 2006 年加泰罗尼亚健康调查中所有年龄在 16-64 岁之间的受薪工人（3950 名男性和 3153 名女性）组成。每周工作时间分为少于 30 小时（兼职）、30-40 小时（参考类别）、41-50 小时和 51-60 小时。按性别分别拟合多因素逻辑回归模型。
不同性别与长时间工作相关的因素也不同。在男性中，延长工作时间与已婚或同居以及分居或离婚有关。在男性中，每周工作 51-60 小时与心理健康状况不佳（调整后的比值比[aOR]2.06，95%置信区间[95%CI]1.31-3.24）、自述高血压（aOR 1.60，95%CI 1.12-2.29）、工作不满（aOR 2.05，95%CI 1.49-2.82）、吸烟（aOR 1.33，95%CI 1.03-1.72）、睡眠不足（aOR 1.42，95%CI 1.09-1.85）和无闲暇时间体育活动（aOR 2.43，95%CI 1.64-3.60）显著相关。此外，还发现从标准工作时间到每周工作 51-60 小时之间存在这些六种结果的梯度。在女性中，只有吸烟和睡眠不足与加班有关。
男性长时间工作与不同健康指标之间的关联可以用他们作为家庭经济支柱的角色来解释：在家庭经济压力的情况下，男性为了增加收入而加班，或者为了害怕失业而接受恶劣的工作条件，其中之一就是长时间工作。
