Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
Mycoses. 2020 Aug;63(8):876-888. doi: 10.1111/myc.13102. Epub 2020 Jun 25.
Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited.
We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019.
We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database.
In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%).
ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
头癣（TC）是一种由真菌引起的头皮感染。最常见于青春期前的儿童，但中国内地成年人头癣（ATC）的数据有限。
我们旨在评估 2000 年至 2019 年中国 ATC 的流行病学、临床和真菌学特征。
我们通过检索 PubMed、万方、维普和中国知网数据库，对中国内地经真菌学检查确诊的所有 ATC 报告病例进行了回顾性分析。
共纳入 40 篇文献，涉及 269 例临床病例。标准化后，ATC 的平均发病率计算为 9.04%。男女比例为 1:5.2（31 例男性，163 例女性）；76 例年龄在 18 至 44 岁之间，137 例年龄在 45 至 89 岁之间被诊断为 ATC。培养或 ITS 测序发现紫色毛癣菌 70 例（35.2%）、犬小孢子菌 42 例（21.1%）、须癣毛癣菌 32 例（16.1%）、红色毛癣菌 23 例（11.5%）、石膏样小孢子菌 18 例（9.0%）、断发毛癣菌 6 例（3.0%）、絮状表皮癣菌 4 例（2.0%）、紫色表皮癣菌 2 例（1.0%）、疣状毛癣菌和铁锈色小孢子菌各 1 例（0.5%）。ATC 易误诊为糠疹（13%）或脂溢性皮炎（11.15%）或脓疱性和皮肤蜂窝织炎（11.15%）。记录了 6 例免疫功能低下者（2.2%）。
ATC 主要涉及绝经后妇女。紫色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌仍是中国 ATC 最常见的病原体。红色毛癣菌在 ATC 中的频率高于儿童。鉴于多样化的临床表现，认识到 ATC 表型将有助于临床医生避免误诊。
