Vaishya Raju, Kambhampati Srinivas B S, Vaish Abhishek
1Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
Sri Dhaatri Orthopaedic, Maternity and Gynaecology Center, SKDGOC, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh India.
Indian J Orthop. 2020 Feb 11;54(3):281-293. doi: 10.1007/s43465-020-00049-y. eCollection 2020 May.
Elite and Olympian athletes are often stretching the upper limits of normal physiology and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system in their efforts to excel in their sport. For them to get back to their sport at the same level after injury, the management, repair techniques, and rehabilitation protocols should be robust to permit healing of tissues to allow supra-normal loading and performance. The knee and the meniscus are commonly injured in these sports. Yet, the incidence, mechanisms, types of injuries to the meniscus, and their management are not known across different sports in the Olympics.
We set out to look into the incidence and the trends of publications on meniscal injuries of the knee in Olympic games. A search of the PubMed and Scopus for these injuries using a search strategy gave 79 and 116 articles, respectively.
There were very few publications giving the incidence of meniscal injuries in the Olympics. Football is the sport with the highest rate of meniscal injuries. Different sports are popular in different countries, and depending on the popularity and the country reporting these injuries, incidences differed. There was data available from India and Brazil for Elite athlete from diverse sports, whereas most data from other countries were for football and soccer. Knee was found to be the second most commonly injured part of the body in both Winter and Summer Olympics as well as the Youth Winter Olympics. Data were not available from the Youth Summer Olympics to make any conclusions. The number of publications on this topic is low. We presented the timeline of publications and citations of articles on this topic. The top country, language, journal, university, and author were USA, English, American Journal of Sports Medicine, Hospital of Special Surgery in New York and Brophy RH, respectively. The data on the risk factors for meniscal injuries were analyzed, discussed, and presented for football, as this was the most extensively studied sport.
Even though the knee is one of the commonly injured anatomical locations in elite athletes, there is a lack of literature on meniscal injuries in this subset of population. We looked at possible reasons and made recommendations to improve data collection on these injuries.
精英运动员和奥运选手为了在比赛中表现出色，常常挑战肌肉骨骼系统正常生理和生物力学的上限。为使他们在受伤后能恢复到同等水平继续参赛，管理、修复技术及康复方案应足够完善，以促进组织愈合，从而承受超常负荷并发挥超常表现。在这些运动项目中，膝盖和半月板常受损伤。然而，在奥运会的不同运动项目中，半月板损伤的发生率、机制、损伤类型及其处理方法尚不明确。
我们着手研究奥运会中膝盖半月板损伤的发生率及相关出版物的趋势。使用检索策略在PubMed和Scopus数据库中检索这些损伤相关文献，分别得到79篇和116篇文章。
关于奥运会半月板损伤发生率的出版物极少。足球是半月板损伤发生率最高的运动项目。不同运动项目在不同国家受欢迎程度各异，且根据受欢迎程度以及报告这些损伤的国家不同，发生率也有所差异。印度和巴西有来自不同运动项目的精英运动员的数据，而其他国家的大多数数据是关于足球的。在冬奥会、夏奥会以及青年冬奥会中，膝盖被发现是身体第二常见的受伤部位。青年夏奥会没有相关数据可供得出任何结论。关于这个主题的出版物数量较少。我们展示了关于这个主题的出版物时间线和文章引用情况。排名靠前的国家、语言、期刊、大学和作者分别是美国、英语、《美国运动医学杂志》、纽约特种外科医院以及Brophy RH。针对足球项目分析、讨论并呈现了半月板损伤风险因素的数据，因为足球是研究最广泛的运动项目。
尽管膝盖是精英运动员中常见的受伤解剖部位之一，但针对这一特定人群的半月板损伤的文献却很匮乏。我们探讨了可能的原因，并提出了改进这些损伤数据收集的建议。
