Mirzaei Mohsen, Hatamimanesh Masoud, Haghshenas Arash, Moghaddam Saghi Movahhed, Ozunu Alexandru, Azadi Hossein
1Grape Environmental Science Department, Research Institute for Grapes and Raisin (RIGR), Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
2Department of Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2020 Jan 17;18(1):91-105. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00441-3. eCollection 2020 Jun.
This study aimed to perform a systematic review to analyse the seasonal concentration and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in seawater and sediment samples collected from the coastline of Jam city in Bushehr, Iran.
A total of 96 sediment and seawater samples were collected from 16 sampling stations during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2017. Then, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined. Finally, the pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk (Er), and environmental risk (RI) were calculated to assess the HM ecological risk.
The results showed that the mean concentrations of HMs were lower than the maximum acceptable concentration by SQG and NOAA. In addition, the PLI assessed a low pollution load level in the region. The ER and RI results also showed that the region was at low risk, and the metal risk was classified as Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. In some samples, the mean concentrations of HM were found to be higher with a statistically significant difference (P˂0.05). The results also showed that sediments were engaging in a moderate Er by Cd.
Generally, the rapid growth of urbanization, as well as industrial and human activities, along this coastline and area has increased the pollutants dumped into the seawater and sediments. Thus, it is necessary to take regular monitoring programs and develop better management strategies to minimize the amount of HMs entering into this coastal area.
本研究旨在进行系统综述，以分析从伊朗布什尔省贾姆市海岸线采集的海水和沉积物样本中重金属的季节浓度及生态风险评估。
2017年春、夏、秋、冬四季从16个采样站共采集了96个沉积物和海水样本。然后，测定了铅、镍、镉、铬、铜、锌和铁的浓度。最后，计算污染负荷指数（PLI）、生态风险（Er）和环境风险（RI）以评估重金属生态风险。
结果表明，重金属的平均浓度低于美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）和美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）规定的最大可接受浓度。此外，PLI评估该地区污染负荷水平较低。ER和RI结果还表明该地区风险较低，金属风险等级为镉＞铜＞铅＞镍＞锌＞铬。在一些样本中，发现重金属的平均浓度较高，且存在统计学显著差异（P＜0.05）。结果还表明，沉积物中镉的生态风险为中等。
总体而言，该海岸线及区域城市化、工业和人类活动的快速增长增加了排入海水和沉积物中的污染物。因此，有必要开展定期监测计划并制定更好的管理策略，以尽量减少进入该沿海地区的重金属量。
