公立医院护理工作强度
Intensity of nursing work in public hospitals.
作者信息
Santos Tatiane Araújo Dos, Santos Handerson Silva, Sampaio Elieusa E Silva, Melo Cristina Maria Meira de, Souza Ednir Assis, Pires Cláudia Geovana da Silva
机构信息
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
出版信息
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2020;28:e3267. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.3221.3267. Epub 2020 May 11.
OBJECTIVE
to analyze the intensity of nursing work in public hospitals.
METHOD
cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out in 22 public hospitals. The sample was composed of 265 nurses and 810 nursing technicians and assistants. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed with Exploratory Factor Analysis. The calculation of the distribution of the work intensity by category was done using a score ranging from -1 to +1 standard deviation of the data. Fisher's exact test (0.05 <p≤0.10) was used to observe the significance between groups according to the employment bond.
RESULTS
work intensity contributed to the explanation of precarization of work, with a value of 13% for nurses and 51.2% for technicians and assistants. For the technicians and assistants, the variables with the highest factor loadings were 'work requires more than she can do' (0.6696) and 'takes on multiple tasks due to staff shortages' (0.6156). Among nurses, the highest factor loadings were observed in the variables 'time pressure at work (0.6779) and 'Work pace' (0.6651).
CONCLUSION
the variables analyzed indicate that work intensity occurs differently among nursing workers, and is revealed by the versatility, understaffing and flexibility of work.
目的
分析公立医院护理工作强度。
方法
在22家公立医院开展的横断面定量研究。样本由265名护士以及810名护理技术人员和助理组成。通过问卷调查收集数据，并采用探索性因素分析法进行分析。工作强度按类别分布的计算是使用数据的-1至+1标准差范围内的分数进行的。根据雇佣关系，采用费舍尔精确检验（0.05 <p≤0.10）观察组间差异的显著性。
结果
工作强度有助于解释工作的不稳定状况，护士的这一数值为13%，技术人员和助理为51.2%。对于技术人员和助理而言，因子载荷最高的变量是“工作要求超出其能力范围”（0.6696）和“因人员短缺承担多项任务”（0.6156）。在护士中，因子载荷最高的变量是“工作时的时间压力”（0.6779）和“工作节奏”（0.6651）。
结论
所分析的变量表明，护理工作者的工作强度存在差异，且体现在工作的多样性、人员不足和灵活性方面。
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