Center for WaSH-AID, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
Dept. Chem. Engineering, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India; ITC-Kohler Co., Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 15;730:138957. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138957. Epub 2020 Apr 25.
A challenge in water reuse for toilet flushing in India and other Asian countries derives from pour flushing practices. It is a common assumption that the amount of pour flushed water used for personal cleansing is small in comparison to the cistern flush volume, however there is a knowledge gap regarding the actual contribution of each water source to the blackwater amount. In this study, digital water meters were used to measure the fraction of water from personal wash tap relative to cistern water that is used for toilet flushing. High temporal resolution measurements were carried in three different urban sites in the city of Coimbatore in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu where onsite sanitation treatment prototypes that may provide reclaimed water for cistern flushing are being tested. Data collected over periods of up to 2 months show that the contribution of the cistern flush to the total blackwater volume is low (14-40%). These data highlight an important factor to inform interventions designed around water reuse for flushing in world geographies where personal toilet cleansing by water is the common practice.
在印度和其他亚洲国家，厕所冲洗用水再利用面临的一个挑战源于倾倒入厕的做法。人们普遍认为，与冲洗水箱的冲洗量相比，用于个人清洁的倾倒入厕水量较小，但对于每种水源对黑水总量的实际贡献，仍存在知识空白。在这项研究中，使用数字水表来测量个人洗手池相对于冲洗水箱的冲厕水的比例。在印度南部泰米尔纳德邦的哥印拜陀市的三个不同城市地点进行了高时间分辨率测量，这些地点正在测试可能为冲洗水箱提供再生水的现场卫生处理原型。在长达 2 个月的时间内收集的数据表明，冲洗水箱对总黑水体积的贡献较低（14%-40%）。这些数据突出了一个重要因素，为世界范围内的冲厕用水再利用干预措施提供了信息，因为在这些地区，用水清洁个人厕所是常见做法。
