From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (V.G., L.L.D., A.V.T., G.A.E., M.J.P.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute (V.G., L.L.D., A.V.T., R.S.L., M.D.H., D.B.H., M.J.P.), Division of Geriatric Medicine (D.B.H.), Department of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (V.G., L.L.D., A.V.T., M.D.H., D.B.H., M.J.P.), Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (T.J.A., M.J.P.), O'Brien Institute for Public Health (V.G., D.B.H., M.J.P.), Department of Cardiac Sciences (T.J.A.), Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, and Department of Community Health Sciences (M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology (M.J.P.), and Department of Psychology (R.S.L.), University of Calgary; Psychology Service (R.S.L.), Alberta Health Service, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary; Department of Psychiatry (G.A.E.), Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience (G.A.E.), Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; and Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory (M.H.D.), Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Neurology. 2020 May 26;94(21):e2245-e2257. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009478. Epub 2020 May 13.
To test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise is associated with improvements in cognition and cerebrovascular regulation, we enrolled 206 healthy low-active middle-aged and older adults (mean ± SD age 65.9 ± 6.4 years) in a supervised 6-month aerobic exercise intervention and assessed them before and after the intervention.
The study is a quasi-experimental single group pre/postintervention study. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess cognition before and after the intervention. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure cerebral blood flow velocity. Cerebrovascular regulation was assessed at rest, during euoxic hypercapnia, and in response to submaximal exercise. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between changes in cognition and changes in cerebrovascular function.
The intervention was associated with improvements in some cognitive domains, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cerebrovascular regulation. Changes in executive functions were negatively associated with changes in cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) during submaximal exercise (β = -0.205, = 0.013), while fluency improvements were positively associated with changes in CVRi during hypercapnia (β = 0.106, 0.03).
The 6-month aerobic exercise intervention was associated with improvements in some cognitive domains and cerebrovascular regulation. Secondary analyses showed a novel association between changes in cognition and changes in cerebrovascular regulation during euoxic hypercapnia and in response to submaximal exercise.
为了验证有氧运动与认知和脑血管调节改善相关的假设，我们招募了 206 名健康的低活跃中老年成年人（平均年龄±标准差 65.9±6.4 岁），进行了为期 6 个月的监督有氧运动干预，并在干预前后对他们进行了评估。
本研究是一项准实验性单组前后干预研究。神经心理学测试用于评估干预前后的认知能力。经颅多普勒超声用于测量脑血流速度。脑血管调节在静息、有氧高碳酸血症和亚最大运动时进行评估。多元线性回归用于检验认知变化与脑血管功能变化之间的关联。
干预与一些认知领域、心肺适能和脑血管调节的改善有关。执行功能的变化与亚最大运动期间脑血管阻力指数（CVRi）的变化呈负相关（β=-0.205，p=0.013），而流畅性的改善与高碳酸血症期间 CVRi 的变化呈正相关（β=0.106，p=0.03）。
为期 6 个月的有氧运动干预与一些认知领域和脑血管调节的改善有关。二次分析显示，在有氧高碳酸血症和亚最大运动期间，认知变化与脑血管调节变化之间存在新的关联。
