Dr. Hearn is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. Ms. Reiff is Office Head and Attorney, Dillon Trial Office of the Colorado Public Defender, Dillon, Colorado. Dr. McBride is Program Director, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Residency, and Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis. Dr. Kelly is Senior Psychiatrist, Coalinga State Hospital, Coalinga, California, and Program Director, Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship, San Mateo County Behavioral Health and Recovery Services, San Mateo, California.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2020 Sep;48(3):376-383. doi: 10.29158/JAAPL.003923-20. Epub 2020 May 13.
Caffeine is the most commonly ingested psychoactive substance in the world. Although caffeine-use disorder is not recognized as a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, five disorders related to caffeine use are enumerated therein. An evolving literature suggests that caffeine is one of many licit substances that may cause psychotic symptoms in higher doses. Here, we present a case in which a defendant ingested large quantities of caffeine, which result in transient psychosis and a successful affirmative defense of involuntary intoxication. The purpose of this article is to summarize states' statutory approaches to involuntary intoxication, given that the term is defined variably, if defined at all. Evaluators must be careful to apply jurisdictionally appropriate standards in involuntary intoxication defenses because the bar for this total defense differs across localities.
咖啡因是世界上最常被摄入的精神活性物质。尽管咖啡因使用障碍在《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第五版）》中并未被视为正式诊断，但其中列举了与咖啡因使用相关的五种障碍。不断发展的文献表明，咖啡因是许多合法物质之一，在较高剂量下可能会导致精神病症状。在这里，我们提出了一个案例，其中一名被告摄入了大量咖啡因，导致短暂的精神病和成功的非自愿中毒的肯定辩护。本文的目的是总结各州对非自愿中毒的法定方法，因为该术语的定义各不相同（如果有的话）。评估者必须小心地在非自愿中毒辩护中适用管辖权适当的标准，因为这种完全辩护的标准因地区而异。
