Olivari Benjamin S, French Molly E, McGuire Lisa C
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia.
Alzheimer's Association, Washington, DC.
Innov Aging. 2020 Jan 4;4(1):igz043. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igz043. eCollection 2020.
As the proportion of older adults in the United States is projected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, it is imperative that public health address and maintain the cognitive health of this growing population. More than 5 million Americans live with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) today, and this number is projected to more than double by 2050. The public health community must be proactive in outlining the response to this growing crisis. Promoting cognitive decline risk reduction, early detection and diagnosis, and increasing the use and availability of timely data are critical components of this response. To prepare state, local, and tribal organizations, CDC and the Alzheimer's Association have developed a series of Road Maps that chart the public health response to dementia. Since the initial Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) Road Map release in 2007, the Road Map has undergone two new iterations, with the most recent version, The HBI's , released in late 2018. Over the past several years, significant advances were made in the science of risk reduction and early detection of ADRD. As a result, the public health response requires a life-course approach that focuses on reducing risk and identifying memory issues earlier to improve health outcomes. The most recent Road Map was revised to accommodate these strides in the science and to effect change at the policy, systems, and environment levels. The 2018-2023 Road Map identifies 25 actions that state and local public health agencies and their partners can implement to promote cognitive health and address cognitive impairment and the needs of caregivers. The actions are categorized into four traditional domains of public health, and the Road Map can help public health and its partners chart a course for a dementia-prepared future.
预计在未来几十年里，美国老年人的比例将急剧上升，因此公共卫生部门必须关注并维护这一不断增长的人群的认知健康。目前，超过500万美国人患有阿尔茨海默病及相关痴呆症（ADRD），预计到2050年这一数字将增加一倍多。公共卫生界必须积极主动地规划应对这一日益严重的危机。促进降低认知能力下降风险、早期检测和诊断，以及增加及时数据的使用和可得性是应对措施的关键组成部分。为了帮助州、地方和部落组织做好准备，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和阿尔茨海默病协会制定了一系列路线图，规划了公共卫生部门对痴呆症的应对措施。自2007年首次发布《健康大脑倡议》（HBI）路线图以来，该路线图已经进行了两次更新，最新版本《HBI路线图》于2018年底发布。在过去几年里，ADRD风险降低和早期检测科学取得了重大进展。因此，公共卫生应对措施需要采取贯穿一生的方法，重点是降低风险和更早地识别记忆问题，以改善健康结果。最新的路线图进行了修订，以适应科学上的这些进展，并在政策、系统和环境层面实现变革。2018 - 2023年路线图确定了25项行动，州和地方公共卫生机构及其合作伙伴可以实施这些行动来促进认知健康，应对认知障碍以及照顾者的需求。这些行动分为公共卫生的四个传统领域，该路线图可以帮助公共卫生部门及其合作伙伴规划一条通往有痴呆症应对准备的未来的道路。
