Banaszkiewicz Kamil, Czechowski Franciszek
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Unit of Technologies of Waste Materials and Soil Remediation, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Pl. Grunwaldzki 13, 50-377 Wrocław, Poland.
Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Pl. Maksa Borna 9, 50-204 Wroclaw, Poland.
Heliyon. 2020 May 5;6(5):e03908. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03908. eCollection 2020 May.
The data on the performance of sulfur polymer cement crosslinked with tung oil polymerization modifier are presented. Specimens of sulfur polymer cement (SPC) were prepared with different doses of tung oil in amounts of up to 8.85% of the sulfur mass. The obtained SPCs were used as binders to encapsulate two galvanic wastes differing in their toxic metal composition: waste and waste with loadings of approximately 25 and 50% of the composites' mass, respectively. For comparative purposes, appropriate samples of the SPCs and their composites with galvanic wastes were obtained using very similar doses of dicyclopentadiene sulfur modifier. Waste II was also encapsulated using SPC, in which a mixture of tung oil and dicyclopentadiene in a 1:1 weight ratio was used as the modifier. Crosslinking of the tung oil to the SPC matrix was assessed by FT-IR. The obtained SPCs and their composites with galvanic wastes were characterized by SEM and tested for water sorption capacity, compressive strength and metal leaching toxicity using TCLP and EN standards. The effectiveness of the tung oil binding to the SPC network was evidenced by the complete disappearance of methine C-H stretching vibrations at 3010 cm and the double bond -C=C- wagging vibrations at 990 cm in the FT-IR spectrum after processing with sulfur. SEM observations revealed that all the specimens prepared with dicyclopentadiene had a glassy-like fracture surface and also showed fewer cavities and defects in cements and composites when compared to their counterparts prepared with tung oil. The water sorption capacities of all the specimens were below 1%, where the values of those prepared with the tung oil were two to three fold higher than the values of their counterparts prepared with dicyclopentadiene. The pH of the TCLP leachates was in the range of 2.75-2.98, and a decreasing trend in the pH value was found with an increasing modifier dose. The TCLP leachate pH from the waste monoliths with dicyclopentadiene were generally lower by 0.1-0.35 when compared to the corresponding monoliths with tung oil. The toxic metals immobilization order revealed from the TCLP test (leachate pH around 2.85) is Cd > Sr ≥ Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb, while the resulting order from the EN test, due to a higher leachate pH of about 5.9, follows Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu ≥ Ni > Sr > Cr. An increased tung oil dose from 2 to 8.85% enhanced the SPC compressive strength by three to four fold, while the same increase of the dicyclopentadiene dose led to an increase of this parameter for less than two fold. The addition of galvanic wastes to the SPCs resulted in a further increase in compressive strength for the corresponding SPC samples.
本文给出了用桐油聚合改性剂交联的硫磺聚合物水泥的性能数据。制备了不同剂量桐油（用量最高达硫磺质量的8.85%）的硫磺聚合物水泥（SPC）试样。所得的SPC用作粘结剂，用于封装两种有毒金属成分不同的电镀废料：废料I和废料II，其负载量分别约为复合材料质量的25%和50%。为作比较，使用非常相似剂量的二环戊二烯硫磺改性剂获得了SPC及其与电镀废料复合材料的适当样品。废料II也用SPC进行了封装，其中使用重量比为1:1的桐油和二环戊二烯混合物作为改性剂。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）评估桐油与SPC基体的交联情况。所得的SPC及其与电镀废料的复合材料通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行表征，并使用TCLP和EN标准测试其吸水能力、抗压强度和金属浸出毒性。在用硫磺处理后的FT-IR光谱中，亚甲基C-H伸缩振动在3010 cm处以及双键-C=C-摇摆振动在990 cm处完全消失，证明了桐油与SPC网络的结合效果。SEM观察表明，所有用二环戊二烯制备的试样都有类似玻璃的断裂表面，并且与用桐油制备的对应试样相比，水泥和复合材料中的空洞和缺陷也更少。所有试样的吸水能力均低于1%，其中用桐油制备的试样的值比用二环戊二烯制备的对应试样的值高两到三倍。TCLP浸出液的pH值在2.75 - 2.98范围内，并且发现随着改性剂剂量的增加pH值呈下降趋势。与用桐油制备的相应整块材料相比，用二环戊二烯制备的废料I整块材料的TCLP浸出液pH值通常低0.1 - 0.35。从TCLP测试（浸出液pH约为2.85）得出的有毒金属固定顺序为Cd > Sr≥Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb，而由于浸出液pH约为5.9较高，EN测试得出的结果顺序为Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu≥Ni > Sr > Cr。桐油剂量从2%增加到8.85%使SPC的抗压强度提高了三到四倍，而二环戊二烯剂量相同的增加导致该参数的增加不到两倍。向SPC中添加电镀废料导致相应SPC样品的抗压强度进一步提高。
