Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Aug;27(22):28053-28065. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09153-w. Epub 2020 May 14.
Agricultural production in China is facing great challenges to ensure food security and cleaner environment; further improvements are therefore required in crop nutrient management to increase grain yield and nutrient use efficiency while synchronously reducing environmental pollution. In this study, a total of 87 site-years of on-farm experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2018 in the main agro-ecological areas in Northeast China, to evaluate the agronomic and environmental benefits of nutrient expert (NE) system in maize and rice production. Results showed that NE had general and significant advantages in agronomic and environmental benefits relative to FP, by dramatically reducing N and P fertilizer inputs and optimizing nutrient management. As compared to FP, on average, NE increased grain yield by 8.4% and 6.6% significantly higher grain yield and N uptake for maize, respectively, while it obtained equal yield performance and 3.0% higher N uptake for rice, and consequently resulted in significantly higher N use efficiency. Environmental effects assessment showed that NE reduced substantially reactive N losses and greenhouse gas emissions by 46.9% and 37.2% for maize, respectively, and 10.1% and 6.6% for rice, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that NE effectively improved N use efficiency and mitigated environmental pollution was mainly associated with increasing plant N uptake and reduced N surplus. As compared to fertilization recommendation based on soil testing, NE system showed higher N use efficiency and better environmental benefits for both maize and rice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that NE system is a feasible and promising approach to optimize crop nutrient management and promote cleaner agricultural production in Northeast China.
中国的农业生产在保障粮食安全和改善环境方面面临着巨大的挑战；因此，需要进一步改进作物养分管理，以提高粮食产量和养分利用效率，同时同步减少环境污染。本研究于 2013 年至 2018 年在东北地区主要农业生态区进行了 87 个田间试验年的试验，以评估养分专家（NE）系统在玉米和水稻生产中的农艺和环境效益。结果表明，与 FP 相比，NE 在农艺和环境效益方面具有普遍而显著的优势，可显著减少 N 和 P 肥料投入并优化养分管理。与 FP 相比，平均而言，NE 分别显著提高了玉米和水稻的产量 8.4%和 6.6%，同时显著提高了玉米的氮吸收和产量，而在水稻中获得了相同的产量表现和 3.0%的氮吸收，从而导致氮利用效率显著提高。环境影响评估表明，NE 分别显著减少了玉米的活性氮损失和温室气体排放 46.9%和 37.2%，并分别减少了水稻的活性氮损失和温室气体排放 10.1%和 6.6%。回归分析表明，NE 有效提高了氮利用效率，减轻了环境污染，这主要与增加植物氮吸收和减少氮盈余有关。与基于土壤测试的施肥推荐相比，NE 系统在玉米和水稻方面均表现出更高的氮利用效率和更好的环境效益。总之，我们的研究结果表明，NE 系统是优化作物养分管理和促进中国东北地区清洁农业生产的一种可行且有前途的方法。
