Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
MZES, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
J Youth Adolesc. 2020 Dec;49(12):2476-2494. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01250-w. Epub 2020 May 13.
Little is known on how ethnic minority adolescents develop acculturation profiles of identification (i.e., how they combine their ethnic and national identification, such as being high on both and thus rather "integrated" or high on ethnic and low on national and thus rather "separated"). In a first step, this 3-year longitudinal study classified Turkish (n = 344) and resettler-origin (n = 121) ethnic minority adolescents living in Germany (M = 14.2, SD = 1.54, 51.6% female) according to their levels of ethnic and national identification. Latent profile analyses identified four profiles (separated, integrated, medium-ethnic, low-ethnic) for the former and three profiles (separated, integrated, low-and-medium ethnic) for the latter group. Latent transition analyses revealed considerable instability of profile attributions over time. Integration declined among both groups and results provided no evidence that national group boundaries are more permeable for resettler-origin than for Turkish-origin adolescents. Additional analyses revealed that perceived ethnic discrimination affected the probability to be in a particular profile but did not moderate transition probabilities. Overall, results suggest that during early-to-mid adolescence it is increasingly difficult to uphold a dual identity.
关于少数民族青少年如何形成认同的文化适应模式（即他们如何结合自己的民族和国家认同，例如两者都很高，因此更加“融合”，或者民族认同高而国家认同低，因此更加“分离”），人们知之甚少。在这项为期 3 年的纵向研究中，研究人员首先根据德国的土耳其裔（n=344）和移民出身（n=121）少数民族青少年的民族和国家认同水平对他们进行了分类（M=14.2，SD=1.54，51.6%为女性）。潜在剖面分析为前者确定了四个模式（分离、融合、中等民族、低民族），为后者确定了三个模式（分离、融合、低等和中等民族）。潜在转变分析显示，随着时间的推移，特征分配存在相当大的不稳定性。两个群体的融合程度都有所下降，结果表明，对于移民出身的青少年来说，国家群体边界比土耳其裔青少年更加开放，这一说法没有证据支持。进一步的分析表明，感知到的种族歧视会影响处于特定模式的概率，但不会影响转变概率。总体而言，研究结果表明，在青少年早期到中期，维持双重身份变得越来越困难。
