Palmer Roy, Fleming Gerard T A, Glaeser Stefanie, Semmler Torsten, Flamm Agnes, Ewers Christa, Kämpfer Peter, Budich Olga, Berrow Simon, O'Brien Joanne, Siebert Ursula, Collins Evelyn, Ruttledge Margaret, Eisenberg Tobias
Discipline of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2020 May 14;139:161-174. doi: 10.3354/dao03478.
During 1992 and 1993, a bacterial disease occurred in a seawater Atlantic salmon Salmo salar farm, causing serious mortalities. The causative agent was subsequently named as Oceanivirga salmonicida, a member of the Leptotrichiaceae. Searches of 16S rRNA gene sequence databases have shown sequence similarities between O. salmonicida and uncultured bacterial clones from the digestive tracts of marine mammals. In the current study, oral samples were taken from stranded dolphins (common dolphin Delphinus delphis, striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba) and healthy harbour seals Phoca vitulina. A bacterium with growth characteristics consistent with O. salmonicida was isolated from a common dolphin. The isolate was confirmed as O. salmonicida, by comparisons to the type strain, using 16S rRNA gene, gyrB, groEL, and recA sequence analyses, average nucleotide identity analysis, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Metagenomic analysis indicated that the genus Oceanivirga represented a significant component of the oral bacterial microbiomes of the dolphins and seals. However, sequences consistent with O. salmonicida were only found in the dolphin samples. Analyses of marine mammal microbiome studies in the NCBI databases showed sequences consistent with O. salmonicida from the common dolphin, striped dolphin, bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae, and harbour seal. Sequences from marine environmental studies in the NCBI databases showed no sequences consistent with O. salmonicida. The findings suggest that several species of marine mammals are natural hosts of O. salmonicida.
1992年至1993年期间，一个海水养殖的大西洋鲑鱼养殖场爆发了一种细菌性疾病，导致大量死亡。病原体随后被命名为鲑鱼海洋弧菌，属于纤毛菌科。对16S rRNA基因序列数据库的搜索显示，鲑鱼海洋弧菌与海洋哺乳动物消化道中未培养的细菌克隆之间存在序列相似性。在本研究中，从搁浅的海豚（普通海豚瓶鼻海豚、条纹海豚）和健康的港湾海豹采集口腔样本。从一只普通海豚中分离出一种生长特性与鲑鱼海洋弧菌一致的细菌。通过与模式菌株进行比较，使用16S rRNA基因、gyrB、groEL和recA序列分析、平均核苷酸同一性分析以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法，确认该分离株为鲑鱼海洋弧菌。宏基因组分析表明，海洋弧菌属是海豚和海豹口腔细菌微生物群的重要组成部分。然而，仅在海豚样本中发现了与鲑鱼海洋弧菌一致的序列。对NCBI数据库中海洋哺乳动物微生物组研究的分析显示，普通海豚、条纹海豚、宽吻海豚、座头鲸和港湾海豹中存在与鲑鱼海洋弧菌一致的序列。NCBI数据库中海洋环境研究的序列显示没有与鲑鱼海洋弧菌一致的序列。研究结果表明，几种海洋哺乳动物是鲑鱼海洋弧菌的天然宿主。
