Chen Hansen, He Yacong, Chen Shuang, Qi Suhua, Shen Jiangang
School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), China.
School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Pharmacol Res. 2020 Aug;158:104877. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104877. Epub 2020 May 12.
Oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation are critical pathological processes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and their intimate interactions mediate neuronal damage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) during ischemic stroke. We review current progress towards understanding the interactions of oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammatory responses in ischemic brain injury. The interactions between reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and innate immune receptors such as TLR2/4, NOD-like receptor, RAGE, and scavenger receptors are crucial pathological mechanisms that amplify brain damage during cerebral ischemic injury. Furthermore, we review the current progress of omics and systematic biology approaches for studying complex network regulations related to oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Targeting oxidative/nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke treatment. We then review recent advances in discovering compounds from medicinal herbs with the bioactivities of simultaneously regulating oxidative/nitrosative stress and pro-inflammatory molecules for minimizing ischemic brain injury. These compounds include sesamin, baicalin, salvianolic acid A, 6-paradol, silymarin, apocynin, 3H-1,2-Dithiole-3-thione, (-)-epicatechin, rutin, Dl-3-N-butylphthalide, and naringin. We finally summarize recent developments of the omics and systematic biology approaches for exploring the molecular mechanisms and active compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formulae with the properties of antioxidant and anti-inflammation for neuroprotection. The comprehensive omics and systematic biology approaches provide powerful tools for exploring therapeutic principles of TCM formulae and developing precision medicine for stroke treatment.
氧化/亚硝化应激和神经炎症是脑缺血再灌注损伤中的关键病理过程，它们之间的密切相互作用介导了缺血性卒中期间的神经元损伤、血脑屏障（BBB）损伤和出血性转化（HT）。我们综述了目前在理解缺血性脑损伤中氧化/亚硝化应激与炎症反应相互作用方面的进展。活性氧（ROS）/活性氮（RNS）与先天免疫受体（如TLR2/4、NOD样受体、RAGE和清道夫受体）之间的相互作用是在脑缺血损伤期间放大脑损伤的关键病理机制。此外，我们还综述了组学和系统生物学方法在研究缺血性卒中病理中与氧化/亚硝化应激和炎症相关的复杂网络调控方面的进展。针对氧化/亚硝化应激和神经炎症可能是缺血性卒中治疗的一种有前景的治疗策略。然后，我们综述了从草药中发现具有同时调节氧化/亚硝化应激和促炎分子生物活性以最小化缺血性脑损伤的化合物的最新进展。这些化合物包括芝麻素、黄芩苷、丹酚酸A、6-对甲氧基苯乙酮、水飞蓟宾、白杨素、3H-1,2-二硫醇-3-硫酮、（-）-表儿茶素、芦丁、丁苯酞和柚皮苷。我们最后总结了组学和系统生物学方法在探索具有抗氧化和抗炎特性以实现神经保护的中药方剂的分子机制和活性化合物方面的最新进展。综合的组学和系统生物学方法为探索中药方剂的治疗原则和开发中风治疗的精准医学提供了有力工具。
