CO(2) Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 20;731:138049. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138049. Epub 2020 Mar 28.
An increase in population, rapid urbanization and industrialization has accelerated the rate of municipal solid waste generation. The current disposal of solid waste is a burgeoning issue and it's in immediate need to shift the existing disposal processes to a sustainable manner. Circular economy (CE) is a conceptual model which is been used for better use of resources and minimization of waste in a closed loop approach which could be appropriate for waste management. In this context, the present review illustrates the effective use of biodegradable and non-biodegradable fraction of solid waste in a closed loop integrated refinery platforms for the recovery of bioenergy resources and for the production of value added products. The biodegradable fraction of solid waste could be treated by advanced biological processes with the simultaneous production of bioenergy such as biohydrogen, biomethane, bioelectricity, etc., and other value added products like butanol, ethanol, methanol etc. The scheme illustrates the closed loop approach, the bioenergy generated from the biodegradable fraction of solid waste could be used for the operation of internal combustion engines and the energy could be further used for processing the waste. The non-biodegradable fraction of solid waste could be used for construction and pavement processes. Overall the study emphasizes the paradigm shift of solid waste management concepts from linear economy to a circular economy following the "Zero Waste" concept. The study also explains the circular economy policies practiced for solid waste management that stimulates the economy of the country and identify the pathways to maximize the local resources. In addition the review addresses the advanced information and communication technologies to unfold the issues and challenges faced in the solid waste management. The smart governance of managing waste using the "Internet of Things" (IoT) is one of the great precursors of technological development that could lead innovations in waste management.
人口增长、快速城市化和工业化加速了城市固体废物的产生速度。目前的固体废物处理是一个亟待解决的问题，需要将现有的处理过程转变为可持续的方式。循环经济（CE）是一种概念模型，用于更好地利用资源和减少废物在封闭循环中的产生，这对于废物管理是合适的。在这种情况下，本综述说明了在闭环综合炼油平台中有效利用固体废物的可生物降解和不可生物降解部分，以回收生物能源资源并生产增值产品。固体废物的可生物降解部分可以通过先进的生物过程进行处理，同时生产生物能源，如生物氢、生物甲烷、生物电能等，以及其他增值产品，如丁醇、乙醇、甲醇等。该方案说明了闭环方法，可生物降解部分产生的生物能源可用于内燃机的运行，并且能源可进一步用于处理废物。固体废物的不可生物降解部分可用于建筑和路面处理。总的来说，该研究强调了从线性经济向循环经济的固体废物管理概念的转变，遵循“零废物”的概念。该研究还解释了固体废物管理实践的循环经济政策，这些政策刺激了国家的经济，并确定了最大限度利用当地资源的途径。此外，该综述还介绍了先进的信息和通信技术，以揭示固体废物管理中面临的问题和挑战。利用“物联网”（IoT）进行废物智能管理是技术发展的重要先驱之一，它可以引领废物管理的创新。
