Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 May 12;17(10):3357. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17103357.
Several studies evaluating exposure to pollutants in microenvironments (MEs) are available in the scientific literature, but studies that evaluate the inhaled doses of pollutants are few in number. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the exposure of commuters to different pollutants (i.e., nitrogen dioxide [NO] and fractionated particulate matter [PM], including ultrafine particles [UFPs]) using miniaturized and portable real-time monitoring instruments in selected MEs; the inhaled doses of these pollutants were estimated for each of these MEs. Measurements were performed along a typical commute, considering different traffic and nontraffic MEs. Experimental data were collected over four working weeks in two different seasons (winter and summer). Different portable and miniaturized instruments were used to evaluate PM and NO exposure. Furthermore, physiological parameters were evaluated using a heart rate monitor. The principal results show that higher exposure levels were measured in Underground (for all PM fractions and NO) and in Car (UFP), while lower levels were measured in Car (PM and NO) and in Train (UFP). In contrast, higher values of the inhaled cumulative dose were estimated in environments defined as Other, followed by Walking (ht), while lower values were observed in Walking (lt) and in Car.
已有一些研究评估了微环境（MEs）中污染物的暴露情况，但评估污染物吸入剂量的研究却很少。因此，本研究旨在使用小型化和便携式实时监测仪器评估通勤者在选定的微环境中接触不同污染物（即二氧化氮[NO]和分形颗粒物[PM]，包括超细颗粒[UFPs]）的情况，并为每个微环境估计这些污染物的吸入剂量。测量是在典型的通勤过程中进行的，考虑了不同的交通和非交通微环境。实验数据在两个不同季节（冬季和夏季）的四个工作周内收集。使用不同的便携式和小型化仪器来评估 PM 和 NO 的暴露情况。此外，使用心率监测器评估生理参数。主要结果表明，在 Underground（所有 PM 分数和 NO）和 Car（UFP）中测量到的暴露水平较高，而在 Car（PM 和 NO）和 Train（UFP）中测量到的暴露水平较低。相比之下，在被定义为其他的环境中估计出的吸入累积剂量较高，其次是步行（ht），而在步行（lt）和 Car 中观察到的剂量较低。
