Imamura T, Miura T
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch Hospital of Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
J Hand Surg Am. 1988 Sep;13(5):650-6. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(88)80117-5.
Abnormalities of the carpal bones in 192 anomalous hands of 154 patients older than 10 years were examined. Judging from the time of appearance of the pisiform, there was no delay of carpal bone maturation in these anomalies. There were differences between the carpal bones of three distinct groups: which included central polydactyly, syndactyly, and typical cleft hand; the group which included radial and ulnar deficiency, and the group which included symbrachydactyly and transverse defect. This suggests that there were differences between these groups in the timing and degree of injury to the limb bud or the hand plate in the course of development. It is thought that the first group originates from maldistribution of mesenchymal tissue of the limb bud (or of the apical ectodermal ridge), the second group from defects of that tissue, and the last group from defects of the mesenchymal tissue of the hand plate.
对154例10岁以上患者的192只异常手的腕骨异常情况进行了检查。从豌豆骨出现的时间判断，这些异常情况下腕骨成熟没有延迟。三个不同组的腕骨存在差异：包括中央多指畸形、并指畸形和典型裂手的组；包括桡侧和尺侧发育不全的组；以及包括短指畸形和横向缺损的组。这表明这些组在发育过程中肢体芽或手板损伤的时间和程度存在差异。据认为，第一组起源于肢体芽（或顶端外胚层嵴）间充质组织的分布不均，第二组起源于该组织的缺陷，最后一组起源于手板间充质组织的缺陷。
