First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China.
Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
Life Sci. 2020 Aug 1;254:117761. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117761. Epub 2020 May 12.
With the increase of an aging population and the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) patients are on the rise every year. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of HF in patients among cardiovascular diseases. In clinic, patients with MI are often assessed by biochemical indicators, electrocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide levels, myocardial enzymology, echocardiography and other means to predict the occurrence of HF and ventricular remodeling (VR). But there is still a lack of more accurate evaluation. VR is the basic mechanism of HF. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of VR has been studied mainly from the aspects of myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, myocardial energy disorder, apoptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Exosomes are considered as the main mediators of intercellular information transmission. In addition, exosomes can promote the migration and transformation of intercellular RNAs, which are highly conserved non-coding RNAs. They can mediate the process of cell proliferation and differentiation of the target cell membrane. Exosomes have protective effects on VR after MI by inhibiting fibrosis, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis. We reviewed the specific protective mechanisms of exosomes for VR after MI. In addition, we discussed the formation of targeted exosomes and the role of non-coding RNAs in VR.
随着人口老龄化和心血管疾病发病率的上升，心力衰竭（HF）患者每年都在增加。心肌梗死（MI）是心血管疾病中 HF 患者的主要病因。临床上，MI 患者常通过生化指标、心电图、脑钠肽水平、心肌酶学、超声心动图等手段来预测 HF 和心室重构（VR）的发生。但仍缺乏更准确的评估。VR 是 HF 的基本机制。近年来，VR 的分子机制主要从心肌肥厚、心肌纤维化、炎症、心肌能量障碍、细胞凋亡、自噬和焦亡等方面进行研究。外泌体被认为是细胞间信息传递的主要介质。此外，外泌体还可以促进细胞间 RNA 的迁移和转化，这些 RNA 是高度保守的非编码 RNA，它们可以调节靶细胞膜的细胞增殖和分化过程。外泌体通过抑制纤维化、促进血管生成和抑制炎症和焦亡对 MI 后 VR 具有保护作用。我们综述了外泌体对 MI 后 VR 的具体保护机制。此外，我们还讨论了靶向外泌体的形成和非编码 RNA 在 VR 中的作用。
