Kuznetsova Maria, Wilson Carey, Hannan Anthony J, Renoir Thibault
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020 Aug;195:172940. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172940. Epub 2020 May 13.
Environmental enrichment and physical exercise have many well-established health benefits. Although these environmental manipulations are known to delay symptom onset and progression in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. A notable candidate molecular mechanism is that of microRNA, a family of small noncoding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression. Research investigating the many diverse roles of microRNAs has greatly expanded over the past decade, with several promising preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of dysregulated microRNA expression (in the brain, blood and other peripheral systems) in understanding the aetiology of disease. Altered microRNA levels have also been described following environmental interventions such as exercise and environmental enrichment in non-clinical populations and wild-type animals, as well as in some brain disorders and associated preclinical models. Recent studies exploring the effects of stimulating environments on microRNA levels in the brain have revealed an array of changes that are likely to have important downstream effects on gene expression, and thus may regulate a variety of cellular processes. Here we review literature that explores the differential expression of microRNAs in rodents following environmental enrichment and exercise, in both healthy control animals and preclinical models of relevance to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
环境富集和体育锻炼对健康有诸多已被充分证实的益处。尽管已知这些环境干预措施能够延缓多种神经和精神疾病的症状发作及进展，但其背后的作用机制仍知之甚少。一个值得关注的候选分子机制是微小RNA，它是一类小型非编码RNA，是基因表达的重要调节因子。在过去十年中，对微小RNA多种不同作用的研究大幅扩展，一些有前景的临床前和临床研究突出了微小RNA表达失调（在大脑、血液和其他外周系统中）在理解疾病病因方面的作用。在非临床人群、野生型动物以及一些脑部疾病和相关临床前模型中，运动和环境富集等环境干预后，也有微小RNA水平改变的相关描述。最近探索刺激环境对大脑中微小RNA水平影响的研究揭示了一系列变化，这些变化可能对基因表达产生重要的下游影响，进而可能调节多种细胞过程。在此，我们综述了探讨环境富集和运动后，在健康对照动物以及与神经和精神疾病相关的临床前模型中，啮齿动物体内微小RNA差异表达的文献。
