IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, CNR-National Research Council, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64/65, 00143, Roma, Italy.
Exp Neurol. 2012 Jun;235(2):419-26. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.031. Epub 2011 Nov 6.
In the past few years, the understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gene expression, and the functional roles of miRNAs has been expanded. Interestingly, numerous miRNAs are expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in the nervous system, suggesting that their post-transcriptional regulation may be particularly relevant in neural development and function. miRNA studies in neurobiology have shown their involvement in synaptic plasticity and brain diseases. Approaches for manipulating miRNA levels in neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo are described here. Recent applications of miRNA antisense oligonucleotides, miRNA gene knockout and miRNA sponges in neuronal cells are reviewed. Finally, miRNA-based therapies for neurological pathologies related to alterations in miRNA functions are discussed.
在过去的几年中，人们对 microRNA（miRNA）生物发生的理解、miRNA 调节基因表达的分子机制以及 miRNA 的功能作用有了更深入的认识。有趣的是，许多 miRNA 在神经系统中以时空控制的方式表达，这表明它们的转录后调控可能在神经发育和功能中尤为重要。miRNA 在神经生物学中的研究表明，它们参与了突触可塑性和脑部疾病。本文描述了在体外和体内操纵神经元细胞中 miRNA 水平的方法。本文还综述了 miRNA 反义寡核苷酸、miRNA 基因敲除和 miRNA 海绵在神经元细胞中的最新应用。最后，讨论了基于 miRNA 的治疗方法在与 miRNA 功能改变相关的神经病理学中的应用。
