PCBP1 modulates the innate immune response by facilitating the binding of cGAS to DNA.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a key sensor critical for the recognition of DNA in the cytosol and catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to the adapter protein MITA (also known as STING, MPYS, and ERIS) to initiate the innate immune response. How the binding of DNA to and the activation of cGAS are regulated remains poorly understood. Using a biochemical purification approach, we identified poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1) as a cGAS-associated protein. PCBP1 was recruited to cGAS in a viral infection-dependent manner. PCBP1 directly bound to DNA and enhanced cGAS binding to its ligands, which was important for cGAS activation. Consistently, PCBP1 deficiency inhibited cytosolic DNA- and DNA virus-triggered transcription of downstream effector genes. These findings suggest that PCBP1 plays an important role in the cGAS-mediated innate immune response to DNA virus infection by promoting the binding of cGAS to viral DNA.