Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 Jul;34(4):1541-1546. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15804. Epub 2020 May 16.
Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of central nervous system diseases characterized by episodes of abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movement without altered consciousness that increasingly have been recognized in dogs.
To present the phenotypical characterization, treatment, and outcome of a PD observed in Maltese dogs.
Client-owned Maltese dogs (n = 19) with presumed diagnosis of PD.
Data were collected retrospectively from medical records (2014-2019), and supporting information was added prospectively by using a questionnaire directed to the owners of the affected dogs.
The episodes were characterized mainly by sudden dystonia of ≥1 limbs and generalized body tremors with preserved consciousness. The mean age of clinical onset was 5.4 years. Episode frequency varied widely both among and within individuals. Median episode duration was 4.5 minutes. Most episodes were stress- or exercise-induced. Acetazolamide was administered to 6 dogs, and 4 dogs experienced a decrease in episode frequency. In 7 dogs that received a gluten-free diet, 6 dogs became episode-free. In 4 dogs, the episodes stopped spontaneously and in 2 dogs no medication or specific diet was given and the episodes continued at the same frequency.
Given the breed predisposition and regional distribution of the disease, additional research should focus on elucidating the underlying genetic cause doing so might advance both our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of this disease, not only in dogs, but also in humans. Regardless of the treatment protocol selected, prognosis appears fair to good.
阵发性运动障碍（PDs）是一组以无意识的异常不自主运动为特征的中枢神经系统疾病，在犬中越来越受到重视。
介绍 19 只假定患有 PD 的马尔济斯犬的表型特征、治疗和预后。
19 只患有 PD 的马尔济斯犬。
从病历中回顾性收集数据（2014-2019 年），并通过向受影响犬的主人发放问卷的方式前瞻性地添加支持信息。
发作的特征主要是至少 1 个肢体突然出现张力障碍和全身震颤，意识保持清醒。临床发病的平均年龄为 5.4 岁。发作频率在个体间和个体内差异很大。发作的中位持续时间为 4.5 分钟。大多数发作与应激或运动有关。6 只狗接受了乙酰唑胺治疗，4 只狗发作频率降低。7 只接受无谷蛋白饮食的狗中，6 只狗不再发作。4 只狗的发作自行停止，2 只狗未给予药物或特殊饮食，发作频率仍保持不变。
鉴于该疾病的品种易感性和区域分布，应进一步研究以阐明潜在的遗传原因。这不仅有助于我们了解该疾病的病理生理学和治疗方法，也有助于我们了解人类的相关疾病。无论选择何种治疗方案，预后似乎都良好。
