Steele Ian, Pope Harrison, Ip Eric J, Barnett Mitchell J, Kanayama Gen
Consultation-Liason Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2020 May 10;6(1):e000708. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000708. eCollection 2020.
Hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of individuals worldwide engage in competitive body-building. Body-building often attracts derogatory characterisations such as as 'bizarre' or 'narcissistic,' or a 'freak show', seemingly implying that it is associated with pathology. Few studies have compared psychological features in competitive bodybuilders versus recreational strength trainers.
Using logistic regression with adjustment for age and race, we compared 96 competitive bodybuilders ('competitors') with 888 recreational strength trainers ('recreationals'), assessed in a prior internet survey, regarding demographics; body image; use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), other appearance-enhancing and performance-enhancing drugs (APEDs), and classical drugs of abuse; history of psychiatric diagnoses; and history of childhood physical/sexual abuse.
Competitors reported a higher lifetime prevalence of AAS (61 (63.5%) vs 356 (10.1%), p<0.001) and other APED use than recreationals but showed very few significant differences on other survey measures. AAS-using competitors were more likely than AAS-using recreationals to have disclosed their AAS use to a physician (31 (50.8%) vs 107 (30.0%), p=0.003). Both groups reported high levels of body image concerns but did not differ from one another (eg, 'preoccupation with appearance' caused significant reported distress or impairment in important areas of functioning for 18 (18.8%) competitors vs 132 (15.4%) recreationals, p=0.78). No significant differences were found on the prevalence of reported childhood physical abuse (9 (9.4%) vs 77 (8.8%), p=0.80) or sexual abuse (4 (4.2%) vs 39 (4.5%), p=0.83). Competitors reported a lower lifetime prevalence of marijuana use than recreationals (38 (39.6%) vs 514 (57.9%), p=0.001).
Aside from their APED use, competitive bodybuilders show few psychological differences from recreational strength trainers.
全球即便没有数百万，也有数十万的人参与竞技性健美运动。健美运动常常招致诸如“怪异”“自恋”或“畸形秀”等贬义词，这似乎暗示它与病理学有关。很少有研究比较过竞技性健美运动员与休闲力量训练者的心理特征。
我们采用逻辑回归并对年龄和种族进行校正，将96名竞技性健美运动员（“参赛者”）与888名休闲力量训练者（“休闲者”）进行比较，这些人在之前的一项网络调查中接受了关于人口统计学、身体意象、合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）、其他外观增强和性能增强药物（APEDs）以及传统滥用药物的使用情况、精神疾病诊断史以及童年身体/性虐待史的评估。
参赛者报告的AAS终身患病率（61人（63.5%）对356人（10.1%），p<0.001）和其他APEDs的使用情况高于休闲者，但在其他调查指标上几乎没有显著差异。使用AAS的参赛者比使用AAS的休闲者更有可能向医生透露他们使用AAS的情况（31人（50.8%）对107人（30.0%），p=0.003）。两组都报告了对身体意象的高度关注，但彼此之间没有差异（例如，“对外表的过度关注”导致重要功能领域出现显著困扰或损害的情况，18名（18.8%）参赛者对132名（15.4%）休闲者，p=0.78）。在报告的童年身体虐待患病率（9人（9.4%）对77人（8.8%），p=0.80）或性虐待患病率（4人（4.
