Seraphina Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.
Epitracker Inc., San Diego, CA, 92106, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 May 18;10(1):8161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-y.
Dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs) are present in trace levels in dairy fat and some fish and plants. Higher circulating concentrations of OCFAs, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), are associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and higher dietary intake of OCFAs is associated with lower mortality. Population-wide circulating OCFA levels, however, have been declining over recent years. Here, we show C15:0 as an active dietary fatty acid that attenuates inflammation, anemia, dyslipidemia, and fibrosis in vivo, potentially by binding to key metabolic regulators and repairing mitochondrial function. This is the first demonstration of C15:0's direct role in attenuating multiple comorbidities using relevant physiological mechanisms at established circulating concentrations. Pairing our findings with evidence that (1) C15:0 is not readily made endogenously, (2) lower C15:0 dietary intake and blood concentrations are associated with higher mortality and a poorer physiological state, and (3) C15:0 has demonstrated activities and efficacy that parallel associated health benefits in humans, we propose C15:0 as a potential essential fatty acid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of decades of reduced intake of OCFA-containing foods as contributors to C15:0 deficiencies and susceptibilities to chronic disease.
饮食中奇数链饱和脂肪酸（OCFAs）在乳脂和一些鱼类及植物中含量极少。循环中更高浓度的 OCFAs，即十五烷酸（C15:0）和十七烷酸（C17:0），与较低的心血管代谢疾病风险相关，而更高的 OCFAs 饮食摄入与较低的死亡率相关。然而，近年来，人群循环 OCFA 水平一直在下降。在这里，我们证明 C15:0 是一种活跃的饮食脂肪酸，可在体内减轻炎症、贫血、血脂异常和纤维化，这可能是通过与关键代谢调节剂结合并修复线粒体功能实现的。这是首次证明 C15:0 以既定的循环浓度通过相关生理机制直接发挥作用，从而减轻多种合并症。将我们的发现与以下证据相结合：（1）C15:0 不易在体内合成，（2）C15:0 饮食摄入和血液浓度较低与更高的死亡率和更差的生理状态相关，以及（3）C15:0 已显示出与人类相关健康益处相平行的活性和疗效，我们提出 C15:0 可能是一种潜在的必需脂肪酸。还需要进一步研究，以评估数十年来减少含 OCFAs 食物摄入对 C15:0 缺乏和慢性疾病易感性的潜在影响。
