Su Tianqi, Yang Bo, Gao Tianren, Liu Tongjun, Li Jiannan
Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2020 May 8;12:1758835920915978. doi: 10.1177/1758835920915978. eCollection 2020.
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease characterized by highly dense stroma fibrosis. Only 15-20% of patients with pancreatic cancer have resectable tumors, and only around 20% of them survive to 5 years. Traditional cancer treatments have little effect on their prognosis, and successful surgical resection combined with effective perioperative therapy is the main method for maximizing long-term survival. For this reason, chemotherapy is an adjunct treatment for resectable cancer and is the main therapy for incurable pancreatic cancer, including metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, there are various side effects of chemotherapeutic medicine and low drug penetration because the complex tumor microenvironment limits the application of chemotherapy. As a novel strategy, polymer nanoparticles make it possible to target the tumor microenvironment, release cytotoxic agents through various responsive reactions, and thus overcome the treatment barrier. As drug carriers, polymer nanoparticles show marked advantages, such as increased drug delivery and efficiency, controlled drug release, decreased side effects, prolonged half-life, and evasion of immunogenic blockade. In this review, we discuss the factors that cause chemotherapy obstacles in pancreatic cancer, and introduce the application of polymer nanoparticles to treat pancreatic cancer.
胰腺癌是一种以高度致密的间质纤维化为特征的致命疾病。只有15%-20%的胰腺癌患者有可切除的肿瘤，其中只有约20%的患者能存活5年。传统的癌症治疗方法对其预后影响甚微，成功的手术切除联合有效的围手术期治疗是实现长期生存最大化的主要方法。因此，化疗是可切除癌症的辅助治疗方法，也是不可治愈的胰腺癌（包括转移性胰腺腺癌）的主要治疗方法。然而，由于复杂的肿瘤微环境限制了化疗的应用，化疗药物存在各种副作用且药物渗透性低。作为一种新策略，聚合物纳米颗粒能够靶向肿瘤微环境，通过各种响应反应释放细胞毒性药物，从而克服治疗障碍。作为药物载体，聚合物纳米颗粒具有显著优势，如提高药物递送和效率、控制药物释放、减少副作用、延长半衰期以及逃避免疫原性阻断。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了导致胰腺癌化疗障碍的因素，并介绍了聚合物纳米颗粒在治疗胰腺癌中的应用。
