Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.
Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2020 May 19;15(5):e0233222. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233222. eCollection 2020.
The use of instruments originally developed for measuring gambling activity in younger populations may not be appropriate in older age individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of problematic and disordered gambling in seniors aged 50 or over, and study the reliability and validity properties of the SOGS (a screening measure to identify gambling related problems). Two independent samples were recruited: a clinical group of n = 47 patients seeking treatment at a Pathological Gambling Outpatient Unit, and a population-based group of n = 361 participants recruited from the same geographical area. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the bifactor structure for the SOGS with two correlated underlying dimensions [measuring the impact of gambling on the self primarily (Cronbach's alpha α = 0.87) or on both the self and others also (α = 0.82)], and a global dimension of gambling severity (also with excellent internal consistency, α = 0.90). The SOG obtained excellent accuracy/validity for identifying gambling severity based on the DSM-5 criteria (area under the ROC curve AUC = 0.97 for discriminating disordered gambling and AUC = 0.91 for discriminating problem gambling), and good convergent validity with external measures of gambling (Pearson's correlation R = 0.91 with the total number of DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder, and R = 0.55 with the debts accumulated due to gambling) and psychopathology (R = 0.50, 0.43 and 0.44 with the SCL-90R depression, anxiety and GSI scales). The optimal cutoff point for identifying gambling disorder was 4 (sensitivity Se = 92.3% and specificity Sp = 98.6%) and 2 for identifying problem gambling (Se = 78.8% and Sp = 96.7%). This study provides empirical support for the reliability and validity of the SOGS for assessing problem gambling in elders, and identifies two specific factors that could help both research and clinical decision-making, based on the severity and consequences of the gambling activity.
用于测量年轻人群体中赌博活动的仪器的使用在老年人群体中可能并不合适。本研究旨在检查 50 岁及以上老年人中是否存在问题性和障碍性赌博，并研究 SOGS（一种用于识别与赌博相关问题的筛查工具）的可靠性和有效性。我们招募了两个独立的样本：一个是 n = 47 名在病理性赌博门诊接受治疗的患者的临床组，另一个是 n = 361 名来自同一地理区域的人群组。验证性因子分析验证了 SOGS 的双因素结构，该结构具有两个相关的潜在维度[主要衡量赌博对自身的影响（Cronbach's alpha α = 0.87）或同时对自身和他人的影响（α = 0.82）]，以及一个赌博严重程度的整体维度（内部一致性也很好，α = 0.90）。SOG 根据 DSM-5 标准获得了识别赌博严重程度的出色准确性/有效性（区分障碍性赌博的 ROC 曲线下面积 AUC = 0.97，区分问题性赌博的 AUC = 0.91），并且与赌博的外部测量具有良好的收敛效度（Pearson 相关 R = 0.91 与 DSM-5 赌博障碍标准总数，R = 0.55 与因赌博而积累的债务）和精神病理学（R = 0.50、0.43 和 0.44 与 SCL-90R 抑郁、焦虑和 GSI 量表）。识别赌博障碍的最佳截断点为 4（敏感性 Se = 92.3%，特异性 Sp = 98.6%），识别问题性赌博的最佳截断点为 2（敏感性 Se = 78.8%，特异性 Sp = 96.7%）。本研究为 SOGS 评估老年人中问题性赌博的可靠性和有效性提供了实证支持，并确定了两个可以根据赌博活动的严重程度和后果帮助研究和临床决策的特定因素。
