Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy.
Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Oct;236:108792. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108792. Epub 2020 May 16.
Methylparaben (MeP) is widely used as preservative in personal care products, food commodities and pharmaceuticals due to its antimicrobial properties. Its widespread use resulted in the contamination of aquatic environment and raised concerns about the potential adverse effects on human health, especially in the developing organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the embryotoxicity of MeP in zebrafish early-life stages applying the benchmark-dose (BMD) methodology to Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) tests-OECD guideline 236. Toxic effects were studied by daily evaluation of lethal endpoints, hatching rate and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed until 96 h post fertilization (hpf) to five concentrations of MeP: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 80 mg/L. The lethal concentration 50 (LC 50) was 72.67 mg/L. Indeed, BMD confidence interval (lower bound, BMDL-upper bound, BMDU) was 40.8-57.4 mg/L for lethal endpoints and 16-26.5 mg/L for toxicity index, that includes both lethal and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish embryos exposed to MeP developed sublethal alterations including pericardial edema, yolk edema, blood stasis, reduction in blood circulation, reduced heartbeat and notochord curvature. The number of embryos exposed to the highest concentrations of MeP that reported sublethal alterations increased between 24hpf and 48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf. Only zebrafish larvae treated with 30 mg/L of MeP showed behavioural changes. This study highlighted the detrimental effects of MeP on zebrafish early-life stages with attention to its developmental toxicity.
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）因其具有抗菌特性而被广泛用作个人护理产品、食品和药品中的防腐剂。由于其广泛的使用，导致了水生环境的污染，并引起了人们对其对人类健康的潜在不利影响的关注，尤其是在发育中的生物体中。本研究旨在应用鱼类胚胎急性毒性（FET）试验-OECD 指导方针 236 的基准剂量（BMD）方法，评估 MeP 对斑马鱼早期生命阶段的胚胎毒性。通过每天评估致死终点、孵化率和亚致死改变来研究毒性作用。将斑马鱼受精卵暴露至受精后 96 小时（hpf），暴露于五个浓度的 MeP 中：1mg/L、10mg/L、30mg/L、60mg/L 和 80mg/L。致死浓度 50（LC 50）为 72.67mg/L。事实上，致死终点的 BMD 置信区间（下限、BMDL-上限、BMDU）为 40.8-57.4mg/L，毒性指数（包括致死和亚致死改变）的 BMD 置信区间为 16-26.5mg/L。暴露于 MeP 的斑马鱼胚胎出现了亚致死改变，包括心包水肿、卵黄水肿、血液淤滞、血液循环减少、心跳减少和脊索弯曲。在 24 hpf 至 48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf 之间，报告出现亚致死改变的暴露于 MeP 最高浓度的胚胎数量增加。只有暴露于 30mg/L MeP 的斑马鱼幼虫表现出行为改变。本研究强调了 MeP 对斑马鱼早期生命阶段的有害影响，特别关注其发育毒性。
